Nutrient intake and utilisation by goats fed dried leaves of the shrub legumes Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala as supplements to native pasture hay

Hove, L.; Topps, J. H.; Sibanda, S.; Ndlovu, L.R.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00233-4

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From our study, NDF levels varied between 438.4 and 621.7 g/kg DM among the different species. Wide variations in NDF levels in browse have been observed in other studies Tanner et al, 1990;Kaitho et al, 1997;Larbi et al, 1998;Maasdorp et al, 1999;Hove et al, 2001). The higher NDF levels recorded in our study could be due to the inclusion of petioles in the foliage of all species tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Nutritive value of Acacia tree foliages growing in the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Mokoboki¹,

Ndlovu²,

Ng’ambi³

et al. 2006

SA J. An. Sci.

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___________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractAcacia trees form the third largest woody plant family in southern Africa and are an important ecological component of the bushveld vegetation that is prevalent in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine types and amounts of tannins and also to evaluate the nutritive value of tree foliages, Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Acacia galpinii, Acacia sieberiana, Acacia hebeclada and Acacia rhemniana, grown in the Limpopo Province and also to determine types and amounts of tannins occurring in them. Young leaves with petioles from seven tree foliages were collected from five different trees per species at the University of the North (now University of Limpopo) in April 2003, in a completely randomized design. Packed volume ranged from 1.50 mL/g for A. karroo to 3.00 mL/g for A. hebeclada whilst water retention ranged from 3.71 g/g for A. galpinii to 4.98 g/g for A. sieberiana. These results suggest that all the tree leaves have a high intake potential. All the Acacia species had crude protein levels above 100 g/kg dry matter (DM), ranging from 103 g/kg DM for A. rhemniana to 183 g/kg DM for A. sieberiana. Crude protein levels of this magnitude in a diet are adequate to support the maintenance requirements of cattle, sheep and goats at low to medium production levels. The Acacias contained medium to high levels of neutral and acid detergent fibres with ranges of 488 to 622 and 415 to 545 g/kg DM, respectively. In vitro DM and organic matter degradabilities varied from 345 to 534 and 254 to 474 g/kg DM, respectively. Acacia hebeclada, A. sieberiana and A. galpinii contained traces of total phenolics whilst A. tortilis contained approximately 90 g/kg DM of total phenolics and A. karroo, A. nilotica and A. rhemniana contained intermediate concentrations. Extract condensed tannin (CT) content ranged from 1.1 g/kg in A. hebeclada to 80.7 g/kg in A. karroo. At level above 50 g/kg, CT tends to negatively affect intake and digestibility in ruminants. Consequently, reduced intakes of A. galpinii, A. karroo and A. tortilis could be expected because they contained CT values above 50 g/kg. Only A. nilotica showed a sharp curve in the potassium iodate test, reflecting its considerable content of hydrolysable tannins (HT). All the other species had flat curves reflecting low levels of HT in them. The results showed that all the species except for A. galpinii, A. karroo and A. tortilis are of good nutritive value and have a potential for integration into livestock feeding systems in the Limpopo Province. __________________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Nutritive value of Acacia tree foliages growing in the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Mokoboki¹,

Ndlovu²,

Ng’ambi³

et al. 2006

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…The differences in the Acacia and Calliandra results observed previously (McSweeney et al, 2001) can also be explained by the differences in the neutral detergent fibre (NDF)-bound tannins and the NDF digestibility (Hove et al, 2001). The NDF-bound tannins are 50 % less than in Calliandra and the NDF digestibility of Calliandra is extremely low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…are regarded as multi-purpose trees, and can be used as fodder plants (Hove et al, 2001) to supplement nitrogen in grazing ruminants (El-Hassan et al, 2000). However, acacias contain at least two classes of toxic compounds: tannins (Smith et al, 2001) and non-protein amino acids (McSweeney et al, 2000;Odenyo et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of community genome arrays (CGAs) to assess the effects of Acacia angustissima on rumen ecology

2004

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This research developed a community genome array (CGA) to assess the effects of Acacia angustissima on rumen microbiology. A. angustissima produces non-protein amino acids as well as tannins, which may be toxic to animals, and CGA was used to assess the effects of this plant on the ecology of the rumen. CGAs were developed using a 7?5 cm62?5 cm nylon membrane format that included up to 96 bacterial genomes. It was possible to separately hybridize large numbers of membranes at once using this mini-membrane format. Pair-wise cross-hybridization experiments were conducted to determine the degree of cross-hybridization between strains; cross-hybridization occurred between strains of the same species, but little cross-reactivity was observed among different species. CGAs were successfully used to survey the microbial communities of animals consuming an A. angustissima containing diet but quantification was not precise. To properly quantify and validate the CGA, Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus populations were independently assessed using 16S rDNA probes to extracted rRNA. The CGA detected an increase in these populations as acacia increased in the diet, which was confirmed by rRNA analysis. There was a great deal of variation among strains of the same species in how they responded to A. angustissima. However, in general Selenomonas strains tended to be resistant to the tannins in the acacia while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was sensitive. On the other hand some species, like streptococci, varied. Streptococcus bovis-like strains were sensitive to an increase in acacia in the diet while Streptococcus gallolyticus-like strains were resistant. Strep. gallolyticus has independently been shown to be resistant to tannins. It is concluded that there is significant variation in tannin resistance between strains of the same species. This implies that there are specific molecular mechanisms at play that are independent of the phylogenetic position of the organism. INTRODUCTIONRumen microbiology has been limited by the inability to unambiguously identify and quantify microbial populations, but molecular techniques that do not rely on cultivation have changed this (Hugenholtz, 2002;Blaut et al., 2002). Nucleic acid probes can be used to identify specific catabolic functions (Sayler et al., 2001), and resolve population differences using small-subunit (SSU) rRNA (Ziemer et al., 2002;Forster et al., 1998). There is, however, a need for detection systems that can accommodate large numbers of rumen samples, but are quick, cheap and robust, yet not bedevilled by the PCR bias so prevalent with environmental or rumen samples (Bonnet et al., 2002).Acacia spp. are regarded as multi-purpose trees, and can be used as fodder plants (Hove et al., 2001) to supplement nitrogen in grazing ruminants (El-Hassan et al., 2000). However, acacias contain at least two classes of toxic compounds: tannins (Smith et al., 2001) and non-protein amino acids (McSweeney et al., 2000;Odenyo et al., 1997). Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that inhibit many ruminal...

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“…Leucaena hay had the highest values of organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract% while wheat straw had the highest values of dry matter ash, and crude fibers (Table 2). Hove et al, (2001) reported that the dried leaves of leucaena leucocephala (LL) contained 909g/kg dry matter, 900g/kg organic matter, and 32g nitrogen/kg dried leaves. Green leucaena content 22.15% crude protein on dry weight basis (Suliman et al, 2001 and.…”

Section: Sensory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcass traits and meat quality of lamb fed on ration containing different levels of leucaena hay (Leucaena leucocephala L.)

El-Aal

Suliman²

2008

BIOTEC ANIM HUSB

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Twenty growing crossbred male lambs (¾ chios. ¼ ossimi and ½ chios. ½ ossimi) of 15.25 ± 2.00 kg initial average body weight and three months old were divided into four groups. All groups were fed on concentrate feed mixture plus 1% of live body weight wheat straw for 169 days. Four levels (zero, 200g, 400g and 600g) of leucaena hay were used. Final weight and carcass traits were evaluated. Color (L, a, b), proximate composition, pH, acidity, expressible water, water holding capacity, cooking loss, amino acid and minerals contents of meat were determined. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat was also evaluated.The results revealed that, Hindquarter, shoulder, and sets weight were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different. Moisture, protein, fat and ash content of fresh meat were ranged from 73.72 to 76.23%, 20.06 to 20.80 %, 2.41 to 4.12% and 1.01 to 1.08%, respectively. Expressible water, water holding capacity and pH were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different. No significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found in color (L, a, b), acidity and cooking loss of meat. Amino acids and minerals contents of all meat samples were varied. Cooked meat of group four had the highest scores of tenderness, juiciness, flavor and over all acceptability 4.6, 4.5, 4.4 and 4.5, respectively. This study suggested that the leucaena hay is suitable for lamb feeding. Produced lamb meat had high chemical and sensory quality.

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Nutrient intake and utilisation by goats fed dried leaves of the shrub legumes Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala as supplements to native pasture hay

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

Nutritive value of Acacia tree foliages growing in the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Nutritive value of Acacia tree foliages growing in the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Use of community genome arrays (CGAs) to assess the effects of Acacia angustissima on rumen ecology

Carcass traits and meat quality of lamb fed on ration containing different levels of leucaena hay (Leucaena leucocephala L.)

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