Nutrient Intake in Italian Infants and Toddlers from North and South Italy: The Nutrintake 636 Study

Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo; Cassatella, Cristina; Morelli, Ambra; Cucugliato, Maria Cristina; Catinello, Giuseppina; Balzo, Valeria del; Guidarelli, Lucia; Agostoni, Carlo; Mameli, Chiara; Troiano, Ersilia; Bedogni, Giorgio

doi:10.3390/nu6083169

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…In addition, research indicates that eating salty foods in the first two years of life can influence sensitivity to and subsequent preference for these foods later in life (Ahluwalia, Herrick, Paulose- Ram, & Johnson, 2014) (Stein, Cowart, & Beauchamp, 2012). Consistent with US results, four international studies found that on average, children consume amounts of sodium higher than recommended limits (Grimes, Campbell, Riddell, & Nowson, 2011) (Zuccotti et al, 2014) (Marrero, He, Whincup, & MacGregor, 2014) (Campbell et al, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

US consumer attitudes toward sodium in baby and toddler foods

et al. 2016

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Dietary data from a nationally representative survey indicate about 80% of US toddlers aged 1–3 years consume too much dietary sodium, which can influence their preference for salty foods in later life. Information on consumer attitudes can inform strategies to reduce sodium in baby and toddler foods. Data were obtained from a 2012 online survey sent to a sample of 11636 US adults aged ≥18 years enrolled in a national probability-based consumer panel; 6378 completed the survey and had nonmissing responses to the question of interest, “It is important for baby and toddler foods to be low in sodium.” Prevalence of agreement was estimated. Logistic regression was used to describe associations of respondent characteristics with agreement. The majority of respondents were non-Hispanic white and had a household income ≥$60,000. About 7 in 10 (68%, 95% CI: 66%–70%) respondents agreed it is important for baby or toddler foods to be low in sodium. More than 6 of 10 respondents in most subgroups agreed. Among parents with a child currently aged <2 years (N = 390), 82% agreed (95% CI: 77% –87%); the highest agreement included parents who thought sodium was very harmful to their own health (92%, 95% CI: 85%–99%) or who were watching/reducing their own sodium intake (95%, 95% CI: 90%–100%). After adjusting for sex, age, race-ethnicity, agreement was most strongly associated with being a parent of a child <2 years, thinking sodium was harmful, and watching/reducing sodium intake (adjusted odds ratios ≥ 2.5, 95% CI’s ≠ 1.0). The majority of respondents including most parents agreed it is important for baby and toddler foods to be low in sodium, suggesting wide consumer support for strategies to lower sodium in these foods.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

US consumer attitudes toward sodium in baby and toddler foods

et al. 2016

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“…Similar results have been found in other European countries for this age group. Huysentruyt et al found that all the Belgium children between 6 to 36 months (n = 500) had a protein intake above the recommended dietary intakes and for 156 children (33.5%), were above the UL of 15% of total energy intake that was proposed by ESPGHAN [54,55] The NUTRINTAKE cross-sectional study (n = 390) in Italian children aged 6 months to 3 years found a high intake of proteins, simple carbohydrates, saturated fats and sodium compared with the Italian recommended dietary allowances [56].…”

Section: Nutrient Profile and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

Madrigal

Soto-Méndez²,

Hernández‐Ruiz³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population.

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“…Instead, the risk categories of our tool were compared to an exhaustive nutritional assessment, obtained from a 3DWFR that reflected the detailed food consumption of the toddlers involved in the study. Despite TDQ being useful in the identification of dietary risk, described as ‘any appropriate dietary pattern that may impair health’, NutricheQ focuses on some specific aspects of dietary imbalances, primarily those dietary patterns and habits that might lead to poor iron and vitamin D intake, a matter of serious concern for Italian toddlers, as described in the Nutrintake 636 Study ( 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings are in keeping with recent evidence from the Nutrintake 636 Study, an epidemiological study investigating the nutritional habits of 636 Italian toddlers aged <12 months using a 7-day weighed food record. Despite having normal anthropometry and energy intake, toddlers had a high intake of proteins, sugars, saturated fatty acids, and sodium; and a low intake of iron and fibre compared to Italian DRVs ( 1 ). Recently, the inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables has been reported also in Dutch toddlers ( 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inadequate intakes of both macronutrients (i.e. proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) ( 1 – 3 ) and micronutrients, such as iron and vitamin D ( 4 ), are highly prevalent among toddlers in westernised countries. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) acknowledged 21 publications reporting on nutrient intakes in European toddlers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NutricheQ Questionnaire assesses the risk of dietary imbalances in toddlers from 1 through 3 years of age

Morino¹,

Cinelli²,

Pietro³

et al. 2015

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundAlthough a nutrient-poor diet may affect children's growth, especially early in life, few tools to assess dietary imbalances in 1- to 3-year-old children have been developed.ObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy and test–retest reliability of the NutricheQ Questionnaire in the identification of toddlers with the risk of inadequate intake of micro- and macronutrients in a sample of Italian toddlers.DesignA 3-day weighed food record was performed, and results were compared with outcomes of the NutricheQ Questionnaire in 201 toddlers (training set: 1–3 years old). The accuracy of NutricheQ in the identification of categories of nutritional risk was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Test–retest of the tool was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Cronbach's alpha statistic, in a validation set of 50 toddlers.ResultsThe NutricheQ Questionnaire is a valid tool for the identification of toddlers at risk for dietary imbalances. Significant differences in nutrient intake (p<0.005) were found among the three groups of risk identified by the questionnaire: toddlers included in the high-risk group had a lower intake of key nutrients such as iron, vitamin D and other vitamins, and fibre compared to those included in the low-risk group. NutricheQ is also reliable between administrations, as demonstrated by its test–retest reliability. ICC and Cronbach's alpha were 0.73 and 0.83, respectively, for Section 1 of NutricheQ, and 0.55 and 0.70 for Section 2.ConclusionsThe NutricheQ Questionnaire is a reliable and consistent tool for the assessment of possible dietary risk factors in Italian toddlers. It consistently identifies toddlers with a high probability of having poor iron and vitamin D intake, and other dietary imbalances.

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Nutrient Intake in Italian Infants and Toddlers from North and South Italy: The Nutrintake 636 Study

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

US consumer attitudes toward sodium in baby and toddler foods

US consumer attitudes toward sodium in baby and toddler foods

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

NutricheQ Questionnaire assesses the risk of dietary imbalances in toddlers from 1 through 3 years of age

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