Nutrient Losses in Surface Runoff from Winter Spread Manure

Converse, J. C.; Bubenzer, G. D.; Paulson, W. H.

doi:10.13031/2013.36061

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In another year where little precipitation occurred, minimal nutrient losses were observed in runoff. In plot experiments, Converse et al (1976) observed no significant difference in nutrient losses in various seasons of the year, including the winter. Young and Holt (1977) observed that winterapplied manure decreased runoff and soil and nutrient loss, apparently due to the mulching capabilities of solid manure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Many factors affect the quantity of nutrients that are lost from agricultural fields. These include amount and timing of precipitation and thawing (frozen ground), soil conditions, volume of runoff, slope and proximity to surface water, air temperature, snow cover, soil temperature, and soil permeability (Midgley and Dunklee 1945, Converse et al 1976, Philips et al 1981, Hensler et al 1970, Steenhuis et al 1981, Bechmann et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter application of manure on an agricultural watershed and its impact on downstream nutrient fluxes

Lewis

Makarewicz

2009

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter application of manure on an agricultural watershed and its impact on downstream nutrient fluxes

Lewis

Makarewicz

2009

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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“…Studies of P loss in runoff from late fall or winter‐applied manure are limited, with most being observational at the plot to field scale. Most research was conducted before 1980 (Converse et al, 1976; Klausner et al, 1976; Young and Mutchler, 1976; Young and Holt, 1977; Phillips et al, 1981; Steenhuis et al, 1981), with some more recently (Hansen et al, 2000; Ulén, 2003; Lewis and Makarewicz, 2009; Komiskey et al, 2011; Owens et al, 2011). Observed P loss varied, generally because of variable weather and hydrology from year to year.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Impact of Seasonal and Short‐term Manure Application Decisions on Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff

et al. 2017

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Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a research and policy issue due to P loss from fields and water quality degradation. Better information is needed on the risk of P loss from dairy manure applied in winter or when runoff is imminent. We used the SurPhos computer model and 108 site-years of weather and runoff data to assess the impact of these two practices on dissolved P loss. Model results showed that winter manure application can increase P loss by 2.5 to 3.6 times compared with non-winter applications, with the amount increasing as the average runoff from a field increases. Increased P loss is true for manure applied any time from late November through early March, with a maximum P loss from application in late January and early February. Shifting manure application to fields with less runoff can reduce P loss by 3.4 to 7.5 times. Delaying manure application when runoff is imminent can reduce P loss any time of the year, and sometimes quite significantly, but the number of times that application delays will reduce P loss is limited to only 3 to 9% of possible spreading days, and average P loss may be reduced by only 15% for winter-applied manure and 6% for non-winter-applied manure. Overall, long-term strategies of shifting manure applications to low runoff seasons and fields can potentially reduce dissolved P loss in runoff much more compared with near-term, tactical application decisions of avoiding manure application when runoff is imminent.

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“…As well, the brief soil-water interaction time may not have been sufficient to mobilize much P. Converse et al (1976) and Kongoli and Bland (2002) have noted that removal of nutrients with run-off water after winter applications of manure varies with the nature of the manure. Specifically solid animal manures containing greater amounts of bedding and straw, such as the manure used in this study, can serve as a mulch platform that limits or reduces the amounts of nutrients that can be removed by snowmelt run-off water.…”

Section: Soil Reactive Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Manure Management Application Practices and Phosphorus and Nitrogen Export in Snowmelt Run-off Water from a Black Chernozem Saskatchewan Soil

King

Schoenau

Elliott

2017

SAR

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In Saskatchewan, soil nutrients released from land-applied solid cattle manure (SCM) and liquid hog manure (LHM) could be subject to off-field export via spring surface run-off water and/or subsurface leaching from melting snow. The objective of this study was to determine how the placement of SCM and LHM using surface and subsurface application methods affects the amounts of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) exported in simulated snowmelt run-off. Intact soil slabs were collected post-harvest in Oct. 2008 and Oct. 2009 from an annually cropped Black Chernozem in east-central Saskatchewan having treatments of: 1) a control, with no SCM or urea fertilizer added and 2) SCM applied at a rate of 60.6 t ha-1 for 2 years as: surface broadcast, broadcast and incorporated and subsurface banded. For comparison purposes, intact soil slab monoliths were collected post-harvest in Oct. 2009 from an annually cropped Black Chernozem in east-central Saskatchewan having treatments of: 1) a control, with no LHM or urea fertilizer added; 2) LHM broadcast and incorporated at a rate of 37,000 L ha-1 for 12 years; and 3) LHM subsurface banded at rates of 37,000 L ha-1 and 148,000 L ha-1 for 12 years. Run-off water and leachate were collected under two different simulated prairie spring melt conditions: 1) thawing soil slabs containing snow that slowly melted on the surface; and 2) frozen soil slabs with run-off water applied to the surface and allowed to run-off across the frozen soil surface. Export of SRP in the thawing soil slabs that had SCM applied in subsurface bands was 0.51 kg P ha-1 and was significantly higher than the non-manured control (0.07 kg P ha-1). Dissolved NO3-N exported in water running across the frozen soil slabs was highest in the broadcast and incorporated treatment (0.30 kg N ha-1). All SCM manured treatments had higher export of nitrate (0.2-0.25 kg NO3-N ha-1) compared to the non-manured control (0.07 kg ha-1). There was no significant (P ≤ 0.10) effect of placement method on SRP, NO3-N and NH4-N export on thawing or frozen SCM soil slabs. Export of SRP was less in LHM treatments than SCM treatments. In thawing soil slabs with 148,000 L ha-1 LHM treatment, the P export was 0.05 kg P ha-1 and was greater than the control treatment (0.01 kg ha-1). Rate of application and manure type appears to be more important than method of placement in influencing P and N transport in melt water on these soils.

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Nutrient Losses in Surface Runoff from Winter Spread Manure

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Winter application of manure on an agricultural watershed and its impact on downstream nutrient fluxes

Winter application of manure on an agricultural watershed and its impact on downstream nutrient fluxes

Quantifying the Impact of Seasonal and Short‐term Manure Application Decisions on Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff

Relationship between Manure Management Application Practices and Phosphorus and Nitrogen Export in Snowmelt Run-off Water from a Black Chernozem Saskatchewan Soil

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