Nutrient Management Impacts on Nutrient Use Efficiency and Energy, Carbon, and Net Ecosystem Economic Budget of a Rice–Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern India

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrient management practices on crop productivity, energy use efficiency (E R), greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, and carbon (C) and economic yields which impacts the net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) of worlds' largest rice-wheat cropping system. The effect of different nutrient management strategies (viz. UF control, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, FYM, N + FYM, and NPK + FYM) on nutrient (N, P, and K) availability, nutrient use efficiency, and yield-scaled global warming potential (GWP) was studied to estimate the environment and economic costs, while increasing E R in a rice-wheat cropping system. Balanced fertilizer application (NPK) significantly (p < 0.05) improved nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency due to increased nutrient availability in soil compared with their imbalanced application.

Soil Test Based Fertilizer Application Improves Productivity, Profitability and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Direct Seeded Condition

“…Nutrient (N/P/K) use efficiency parameters were calculated using the following formulae, as per [25]: where TNUF is the total nutrient uptake of DSR from the fertilized plot (kg ha −1 ), TNUC is the total nutrient uptake of DRS from the control plot (kg ha −1 ), AFN is the amount of applied fertilizer nutrient (kg ha −1 ), GYF is the grain yield of the fertilized plot (kg ha −1 ), and GYC is the grain yield of the control plot (kg ha −1 ). GY is the grain yield (Mg ha −1 ).…”

“…A PFPK of 62.42-191.33 has been reported [64]. In general, the reciprocal internal use efficiency (RIUE) followed the order RIUEN>RIUEK>RIUEP [25]. The RIUE for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was enhanced markedly with STCRbased nutrient management practices, compared to GRD alone.…”

Nitrogen and potassium application effects on productivity, profitability and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…In our study, decreasing wheat yield and N use efficiency at higher fertilizer-N application rates can result in large increase in tillering and biomass production [ 79 ] and decrease the vegetative growth of organs [ 80 ], increasing lodging [ 81 ], and parasite susceptibility [ 82 ]. Numerous researchers suggested that a balanced application of fertilization can improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce environmental impacts [ 10 , 83 , 84 ], and that the application of fertilizers (N, P and K) results in higher grain yields [ 30 , 85 , 86 ]. The interaction between K and N, especially available-N and K forms on plant growth and development, has become a focus of research.…”

“…enzyme activity, photosynthesis rate) processes of plants, which influencing plant growth [ 6 , 7 ]. Research on N fertilization to cereal crops has been well highlighted because of its essential role in high yielding systems [ 8 – 10 ], improved dough quality and the potential for environmental impacts due to low N use efficiency [ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Potassium effectively coordinates the relationship between source and sink of starch synthesis and transport and transformation of photosynthates [ 21 ]. But, imbalanced fertilizer application in crop production has become common in many developing countries [ 10 , 22 , 23 ]. The practice often leads to an excess of fertilizer-N application with a serious environmental implications [ 24 ], besides continual depletion of soil K mainly due to inadequate K supply [ 22 ].…”