Nutrient removal as a function of benzene supply within vertical‐flow constructed wetlands

Tang, Xianqiang; Scholz, Miklas; Eke, Paul Emeka; Huang, Suiliang

doi:10.1080/09593330903530793

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They are proven to be cost-effective, low maintenance and ecofriendly systems [12], especially for the treatment of urban sewages from small communities and several kinds of industrial wastewaters [13,14]. It is well known that the treatment mechanisms in CWs are complex processes that may happen sequentially or simultaneously [15], involving microbial degradation, plant uptake, sorption, sedimentation, filtration and precipitation [16,17]. CWs are usually efficient in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS), but removals of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are relatively low [15,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vertical-flow constructed wetlands with and without supplementary aeration treating decentralized domestic wastewater

Zhu

Takala

Hiltunen

et al. 2013

Environmental Technology

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are efficient in reducing excessive contamination from wastewaters. However, oxygen inside CW beds is frequently low especially when substrate clogging problems appear after long-term operation, and this may become a limited factor for the treatment of wastewaters. Aimed at dealing with the issue of a low oxygen content in CW systems, two laboratory-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with and without an aeration device (called VFCW-a and VFCW-c, respectively) were designed in this study to test the contribution of supplementary aeration to the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater. Results showed that under the intermittent operation of about 45 days, two VFCW units were successfully started up by using activated sludge as seed sludge. Compared to VFCW-c, VFCW-a had a better resistance ability to organic shock loads and its removal function could be effectively recovered within a short period after the introduction of organic shock loads. Under intermittent operation with a 12 h idling time, the ideal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of VFCW-a was 42 h, about 6 h shorter than that of VFCW-c. Likewise, under intermittent operation with 42 h HRT, the ideal idling time of VFCW-a was 12 h, still about 6 h shorter than that of VFCW-c. Under intermittent operation with HRT-42 h and an idling time of 12 h, SS, COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies in VFCW-a could reach 81.2%, 85%, 89.9% and 77.9%, respectively. The VFCW unit with supplementary aeration is an efficient innovation for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vertical-flow constructed wetlands with and without supplementary aeration treating decentralized domestic wastewater

Zhu

Takala

Hiltunen

et al. 2013

Environmental Technology

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“…Therefore, it was imperative to develop alternative technologies that are economical as well as eco-friendly. In recent years, aquatic macrophytes have been used worldwide for the removal of toxic pollutants, including heavy metals and pharmaceutical products from industrial effluent and municipal wastewater (Allende et al 2011;Augustynowicz et al 2010;Bonano 2012;Caselles-Osorio and Garcia 2007;Cui et al 2011;Ghemandi et al 2007;Hua et al 2013;Langergraba 2005;Maine et al 2009;Marchand et al 2010;Ong et al 2010;Ranieri et al 2011;Saeed and Sun 2012;Tang et al 2010;Vymazal 2005;Wen et al 2010;Wojciechowska and Waara 2011;Xue et al 2010;Zhang et al 2012). Main mechanisms of removal of heavy metals by aquatic plants are plant uptake, precipitation and co-precipitation as insoluble salts, and binding to the substrate (Brix 1994;Ranieri et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia on biofiltration of heavy metals from secondary treated effluent

Kumari

Tripathi

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The present work deals with a promising approach for the removal of heavy metals from secondary treated wastewater using aquatic plants, which are economic and effective in separating metals from polluted water. Since the conventional sewage treatment processes were inefficient to remove heavy metals from wastewater, batch experiments of Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and P. australis and T. latifolia grown in association and reference (unplanted) were carried out for 15 days of retention time for the removal of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from the secondary treated effluent. Significantly, higher removal of the heavy metals in planted set than the reference revealed role of plants in their removal (analysis of variance, p \ 0.05). Higher removal of Cr, Fe, and Zn (66.2 ± 3.5, 70.6 ± 1.2, and 71.6 ± 3.9 %) in the combination of the P. australis and T. latifolia than their individual culture suggested synergistic effect of both the plants in the removal of these metals. Positive relationship was observed between retention time and the removal of heavy metals. Mass balance equation has revealed that the loss of heavy metals in wastewater was equivalent to the net accumulation of heavy metals in plant and loss of heavy metals in natural degradation. P. australis showed higher accumulative capacities for Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Pb than those of T. latifolia. The P. australis and T. latifolia grown in association might be utilized for the heavy metal removal in the tropical environment.

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“…The mean monthly influent concentration varied appreciably and this was a result of seasonal influence on farm activities which was reflected in the highly variable nature of the characteristics of the wastewater generated on the farm. Accordingly, the range of mean monthly influent concentrations (in mg L −1 ) for BOD 5 [20,21] All N cycling reactions (especially mineralization, NIT and denitrification) are affected largely by temperature in DASC-based CW system. It is worth mentioning that all the above-mentioned processes are influenced by temperature and therefore an Arrhenius temperature factor was considered in the model equation in accordance with all the processes of developed N model.…”

Section: General Performance Of the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics model for a pilot field-scale novel dewatered alum sludge cake-based constructed wetland system

Kumar

Zhao

et al. 2014

Environmental Technology

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A model simulating the effluent nitrogen (N) concentration of treated animal farm wastewater in a pilot on-site constructed wetland (CW) system, using dewatered alum sludge cake (DASC) as wetland substrate, is presented. The N-model was developed based on the Structural Thinking Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation software and is considering organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (NH3) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as the major forms of nitrogen involved in the transformation chains. Ammonification (AMM), ammonia volatilization, nitrification (NIT), denitrification, plant uptake, plant decaying and uptake of inorganic nitrogen by algae and bacteria were considered in this model. pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and nitrogen concentrations were considered as forcing functions in the model. The model was calibrated by observed data with a reasonable agreement prior to its applications. The simulated effluent detritus nitrogen, NH4-N, NO3-N and TN had a considerably good agreement with the observed results. The mass balance analysis shows that NIT accounts for 65.60%, adsorption (ad) (11.90%), AMM (8.90%) followed by NH4-N (Plants) (5.90%) and NO3-N (Plants) (4.40%). The TN removal was found 52% of the total influent TN in the CW. This study suggested an improved overall performance of a DASC-based CW and efficient N removal from wastewater.

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Nutrient removal as a function of benzene supply within vertical‐flow constructed wetlands

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of vertical-flow constructed wetlands with and without supplementary aeration treating decentralized domestic wastewater

Comparison of vertical-flow constructed wetlands with and without supplementary aeration treating decentralized domestic wastewater

Effect of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia on biofiltration of heavy metals from secondary treated effluent

Nitrogen dynamics model for a pilot field-scale novel dewatered alum sludge cake-based constructed wetland system

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