Nutrient Supply and Intervertebral Disc Metabolism

Grünhagen, Thijs; Wilde, Geoffrey; Soukane, D. Mokhbi; Shirazi-Adl, Saeed A; Urban, Jill

doi:10.2106/00004623-200604002-00007

Cited by 50 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, rare glycogen deposits were seen in the control specimens presenting a low radiological degeneration grade in the aged control group. On the other hand, it is known that EP sclerosis causes a decrease in nutrient supply and, thus, advanced changes in the IVD [7,26,47]. Only half of the control discs, but nearly all of the herniated discs showed an in-growth of vascular vessels from the longitudinal ligament inwards the outer AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Roberts et al published that changes seen with ageing are similar to those seen in degenerative disc disease and that this cause discussion as to whether ageing and degeneration are same processes or have to be separated [6]. As the largest avascular tissue, the healthy mature discs contains only limited blood vessels and nerves in the outer AF and is mainly dependent on the nutrient supply through the endplate by diffusion [7,26]. Horner et al stated that because the extracellular matrix is synthesized and maintained by the cells of the disc, the profiles of extracellular matrix composition across the disc presumably arise from differences in cellular activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of the cell death in degeneration is controversial [7][8][9]. Similar changes can be detected in pathological articular cartilage where a special form of apoptosis called chondroptosis has been suggested to occur, in addition to necrosis and classical apoptosis [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphological changes in disc herniation in the lower cervical spine: an ultrastructural study

Sitte

Kathrein²,

Pedross

et al. 2012

Eur Spine J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphological changes in disc herniation in the lower cervical spine: an ultrastructural study

Sitte

Kathrein²,

Pedross

et al. 2012

Eur Spine J

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“…(Buckley et al, 2010;Freyria and Mallein-Gerin, 2012;Scotti et al, 2012;Twu et al, 2014). In addition, an important consideration is the harsh microenvironment within the degenerated intervertebral disc, which is characterised by reduced oxygen (Grunhagen et al, 2006) and reduced glucose concentration, (Bibby et al, 2005) creating a challenge in maintaining viable cellular populations (Antoniou et al, 1996). For chondrocytes, tissue specific oxygen gradients have been shown to play an important role in maintaining tissue phenotype through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) family of nuclear regulatory elements (Malda et al, 2003) in a similar manner to TGF-β supplementation through MEK/ERK and PI3k/Akt pathways (Pratsinis et al, 2012;Risbud et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair

Vedicherla

Buckley

2017

Tissue and Cell

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Chondrocyte based regenerative therapies for intervertebral disc repair such as Autologous Disc Cell Transplantation (ADCT, CODON) and allogeneic juvenile chondrocyte implantation (NuQu®, ISTO Technologies) have demonstrated good outcomes in clinical trials. However concerns remain with the supply demand reconciliation and issues surrounding immunoreactivity which exist for allogeneic-type technologies. The use of stem cells is challenging due to high growth factor requirements, regulatory barriers and differentiation towards a stable phenotype. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative non-disc cell sources for the development and clinical translation of next generation therapies for IVD regeneration. In this study, we compared Nasal Chondrocytes (NC) as a non-disc alternative chondrocyte source with Articular Chondrocytes (AC) in terms of cell yield, morphology, proliferation kinetics and ability to produce key extracellular matrix components under 5% and 20% oxygen conditions, with and without exogenous TGF-β supplementation.Results indicated that NC maintained proliferative capacity with high amounts of sGAG and lower collagen accumulation in the absence of TGF-β supplementation under 5% oxygen conditions. Importantly, osteogenesis and calcification was inhibited for NC when cultured in IVD-like microenvironmental conditions. The present study provides a rationale for the exploration of nasal chondrocytes as a promising, potent and clinically feasible autologous cell source for putative IVD repair strategies.

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“…However, they all span the intervertebral disc space, which may change the spine kinematics due to an applied compression of the discs. This in turn may alter end plate health and local blood vessel density, which can lead to disc degeneration [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel fusionless vertebral physeal device inducing spinal growth modulation for the correction of spinal deformities

et al. 2008

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Current fusionless scoliosis surgical techniques span the intervertebral disc. This alters the spine stiffness, disc pressure equilibrium and possibly may lead to disc degeneration. A new fusionless physeal device was developed that locally modulates vertebral growth by compressing the physeal ring, while maintaining maximum segmental spinal mobility without spanning the intervertebral disc. This study's objective was to test the feasibility of the device on a small animal model by inducing a scoliotic deformity (inverse approach) while analyzing the growth modifications. This study was conducted on caudal vertebrae of 21 rats (26-day-old) divided into 3 groups: (1) ''experimental'' (n = 11) with 4 instrumented vertebrae, (2) sham (n = 5) and (3) control (n = 5). Radiographs were taken at regular intervals during the 7-week experimental period. Tissues were embedded in methyl metacrylate (MMA), prepared by the cutting/grinding method, and then stained (Toluidine blue). The discs physiological alterations were qualitatively assessed and classified by inspection of the histological sections. A mean maximum Cobb angle of 308 (±68) and a mean maximum vertebral wedge angle of 108 (±38) were obtained between the 23rd and 35th day postoperative in the subgroup that underwent a long-term response from the device. The sham group underwent no growth alterations when compared to the control group. Descriptive histological analyses of the operated segments showed that 69% had no alterations to the intervertebral disc. This study presents experimental evidence that the device induces a significant and controlled wedging of the vertebrae while maintaining regular flexibility. In most discs, there were no visible morphological alterations induced. Further analysis of the discs and testing of this device on a larger animal is recommended with the long-term objective of developing an early treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis.

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Nutrient Supply and Intervertebral Disc Metabolism

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Morphological changes in disc herniation in the lower cervical spine: an ultrastructural study

Morphological changes in disc herniation in the lower cervical spine: an ultrastructural study

In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair

A novel fusionless vertebral physeal device inducing spinal growth modulation for the correction of spinal deformities

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