Nutrient Transport Driven by Microbial Active Carpets

Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M.; Guzmán-Lastra, Francisca; Kaiser, Andreas; Löwen, Hartmut

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.248101

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…This resembles elements of 'stochastic resonance' [13][14][15] in a self-assembled biological system. Taken together, our results shed light on how the microstructure of an active carpet [16,17] determines its emergent dynamics. Furthermore, this work is also directly applicable to human airway pathologies [1], which are the third leading cause of deaths worldwide [18].…”

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confidence: 60%

Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity enhances particle clearance in airway ciliary arrays

Juan

Mathijssen

et al. 2020

Nat. Phys.

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Mucus clearance constitutes the primary defence of the respiratory system against viruses, bacteria and environmental insults [1]. This transport across the entire airway emerges from the integrated activity of thousands of multiciliated cells, each containing hundreds of cilia, which together must coordinate their spatial arrangement, alignment and motility [2,3]. The mechanisms of fluid transport have been studied extensively at the level of an individual cilium [4,5], collectively moving metachronal waves [6-10], and more generally the hydrodynamics of active matter [11,12]. However, the connection between local cilia architecture and the topology of the flows they generate remains largely unexplored. Here, we image the mouse airway from the sub-cellular (nm) to the organ scales (mm), characterising quantitatively its ciliary arrangement and the generated flows. Locally we measure heterogeneity in both cilia organisation and flow structure, but across the trachea fluid transport is coherent. To examine this result, a hydrodynamic model was developed for a systematic exploration of different tissue architectures. Surprisingly, we find that disorder enhances particle clearance, whether it originates from fluctuations, heterogeneity in multiciliated cell arrangement or ciliary misalignment. This resembles elements of 'stochastic resonance' [13][14][15] in a self-assembled biological system. Taken together, our results shed light on how the microstructure of an active carpet [16,17] determines its emergent dynamics. Furthermore, this work is also directly applicable to human airway pathologies [1], which are the third leading cause of deaths worldwide [18].

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confidence: 60%

Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity enhances particle clearance in airway ciliary arrays

Juan

Mathijssen

et al. 2020

Nat. Phys.

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“…Moreover, further improvement and inspection of this model may be able to describe how crawling cells may attract or repel nearby particles or swimmers in the context of problems in collective motility, cancer metastasis, and biofilm dynamics. In particular, we note that 85 have recently shown that nutrient transport toward the surface can be a consequence of active swimmers near a surface; our results provide a more microscopic view of this problem and how it relates to crawling eukaryotic cells. Extensions of our model could also be made to study mixing induced by eukaryotic cell crawling, as has been done for ciliary carpets 86 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hydrodynamic effects on the motility of crawling eukaryotic cells

Melissa

Camley

2020

Soft Matter

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Eukaryotic cell motility is crucial during development, wound healing, the immune response, and cancer metastasis. Some eukaryotic cells can swim, but cells more commonly adhere to and crawl along the extracellular matrix. We study the relationship between hydrodynamics and adhesion that describe whether a cell is swimming, crawling, or combining these motions. Our simple model of a cell, based on the three-sphere swimmer, is capable of both swimming and crawling. As cell-matrix adhesion strength increases, the influence of hydrodynamics on migration diminish. Cells with significant adhesion can crawl with speeds much larger than their nonadherent, swimming counterparts. We predict that, while most eukaryotic cells are in the strong-adhesion limit, increasing environment viscosity or decreasing cellmatrix adhesion could lead to significant hydrodynamic effects even in crawling cells. Signatures of hydrodynamic effects include dependence of cell speed on the medium viscosity or the presence of a nearby substrate and the presence of interactions between noncontacting cells. These signatures will be suppressed at large adhesion strengths, but even strongly adherent cells will generate relevant fluid flows that will advect nearby passive particles and swimmers. Model and MethodsWe describe our cell with the minimal structure of three beads, representing the tail, body, and head of the cell (labeled 1, 2, and 3 in Fig. 1). We prescribe the relative motion of the head and 1-19 | 1

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“…Enhanced mixing in active colloidal suspensions has been studied extensively in bulk fluids (Darnton et al. 2004; Lin, Thiffeault & Childress 2011; Pushkin & Yeomans 2013; Kasyap, Koch & Wu 2014) and also in the vicinity of solid boundaries (Kim & Breuer 2004; Mathijssen, Pushkin & Yeomans 2015; Mathijssen 2018). Colloid-induced mixing presents an untapped dimension for interfacial engineering; interfaces are natural sites for many chemical reaction and separation processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%