Nutrient uptake behavior of peanut under optimum fertilization management in China

Abstract

Balanced fertilization is one of the most critical management factors for attaining high yields. Assessing pod yield and plant nutrient demand can provide theoretical guidance for fertilization management of high yielding peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Following this rationale, a large dataset was collected from field experiments (n = 313) across the main peanut planting regions of China for a period spanning from 2000 to 2019 to evaluate nutrient uptake behavior of peanut under current optimum fertilization management. Across the entire dataset, the results showed that average peanut pod yield and harvest index (HI) were 4.5 Mg ha −1 and .54, respectively. The average peanut nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements were of 48, 7.1, and 21 kg Mg −1 pod yield, respectively. Across five ranges of pod yields (<3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, and >6 Mg ha −1 ), both nutrient uptake and HI increased with increasing pod yield. The N and K requirements (kg Mg −1 ) decreased with increasing pod yield, respectively, mainly due to reductions in pod N and K concentrations. The P requirement increased with yield, attributed to an increase in straw P concentration as P luxury uptake occurs under high pod yield.

Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain

“…Compared with other studies with large sample sizes, the N requirement to produce 1000 pods in this study was similar to the result of 42.2 kg [ 25 ], but slightly lower than in other studies [ 31 , 32 ]; P and K demand was lower than what was estimated across China [ 31 ] and in the same region of central north China [ 32 ]. Estimation variation in nutrient requirement may be related to differences in planting regions, cultivars, soil conditions, yield level, and tillage [ 30 , 33 ].…”

“…Estimation variation in nutrient requirement may be related to differences in planting regions, cultivars, soil conditions, yield level, and tillage [ 30 , 33 ]. Crucsiol et al [ 3 ] demonstrated that N absorption for older cultivars remains high, while newer cultivars were less demanding in N. Xie et al [ 25 ] found that the values of nutrient requirement simulated by modeling were lower than the average observed values, and they explained that the N, P, and K predicted by the model were the optimal nutrient requirements under the conditions of the balanced absorption of N, P, and K. However, high soil nutrient supply and excessive fertilization practices may have resulted in excess nutrient uptake [ 31 ]. A large number of studies have demonstrated that crop nutrient uptake positively correlates with yield level, but the yield increase decreases when the yield reaches a certain level [ 32 ].…”