Nutrients and anti-nutrients in leaf litter of four selected mangrove species from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh and their effect on shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798) post larvae

The contribution of mangrove leaf litter to juvenile shrimp (Penaeus monodon) production in mangrove-shrimp aquaculture systems

“…In turn, from this detritus more nutrients are released for algae production (Fazi and Rossi, 2000) which serves as a direct or indirect source of food to heterotrophs (Verweij et al, 2008;Nordhaus et al, 2006;Roijackers and Nga, 2002). Alam et al (2021a) identified that S. apetala (Sa) leaf litter had the highest decomposition rate from among the mangrove species and contributed to the highest shrimp weight gain, as was also found in this experiment. As a consequence, Sa leaf litter in combination with supplemental feed led to more Ocana, 2007;Enriquez, 2003;Tacon, 2002).…”

“…In our study, the pH differences between treatments were small but significant (P < 0.05). The positive correlation between pH and BOD5 and the slightly higher pH observed in treatments with leaf litter suggest that differences in decomposition rates of the different species of leaf litter caused the observed differences in pH as found previously by Alam et al (2021a). The pH values observed in our study were within the optimum range (7.5-9.0) for shrimp production (FAO, 1986) and, therefore had little influence on PL performances.…”

“…The differences in decomposition rate of organic matter among the species might be the cause of differences in the contributions of leaf litter to weight gain. Mangrove leaf litter with a higher decomposition rate results in more decomposing organic matter or detritus in the system (Alam et al, 2021a). In turn, from this detritus more nutrients are released for algae production (Fazi and Rossi, 2000) which serves as a direct or indirect source of food to heterotrophs (Verweij et al, 2008;Nordhaus et al, 2006;Roijackers and Nga, 2002).…”

“…The differences in decomposition rates of different mangrove species caused the differences in BOD5 among the treatments (Alam et al, 2021a). Previously, Alam et al…”

“…At regular intervals, the fallen leaves were recovered from the traps, separated by species and prepared for use in the experiment. The decomposition rates (% day -1 ) of the selected mangrove species (A. officinalis= 1.6; S. apetala= 1.8; S. caseolaris= 1.4; H. fomes= 0.8) as identified by Alam et al (2021a), were expected to affect shrimp growth in fed and non-fed systems.…”