Nutrigenetics and Metabolic Disease: Current Status and Implications for Personalised Nutrition

Phillips, Catherine M.

doi:10.3390/nu5010032

Cited by 151 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…87 These strategies have focused on genes related to appetite control, energy and lipid metabolism 25,82 , adipocyte function and inflammation 88,89 . For example, weight loss in response to a given dietary intervention has been assessed in carriers of different alleles of a gene associated with energy homeostasis.…”

Section: Gene-nutrient Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

2014

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A large number of different dietary approaches have been studied in the attempt to achieve healthy, sustainable weight loss among individuals with overweight and obesity. Restriction of energy intake is the primary method of producing a negative energy balance leading to weight loss. However, owing to the different metabolic roles of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in energy homeostasis, diets of similar overall energy content but with different macronutrient distribution can differentially affect metabolism, appetite and thermogenesis. Evidence increasingly suggests that the fuel values of calories provided by distinct macronutrients should be considered separately, as metabolism of specific molecular components generates differences in energy yield and. The causes of variation in individual responses to various diets are currently under debate, and some evidence suggests that differences are associated with specific genotypes. This narrative Review discusses all available systematic reviews and metaanalyses, and summarizes the results of relevant randomized controlled intervention trials assessing the influence of macronutrient composition on weight management. The initial findings of research into personalized nutrition, based on the interactions of macronutrient intake and genetic background and its potential influence on dietary intervention strategies, are also discussed. Key points• The relative contributions of different aetiological factors to obesity remains to be fully defined, although the importance of different dietary macronutrients, physical activity patterns and genetics is acknowledged• Improved understanding of the mechanisms of weight gain and obesity might lead to comprehensive and efficient strategies to prevent and ameliorate this global epidemic• Studies of the roles of individual macronutrients in weight management are needed to define whether diets of similar calorific content but different composition differentially effect energy yield and utilization• Experts generally agree that weight-loss strategies should aim to not only reduce body fat in the short term, but also achieve long-term maintenance of healthy body weight• The study of gene-nutrient interactions and the differential effects of genotype on macronutrient utilization might identify personalized strategies for effective weight loss and maintenance of healthy body weight

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Section: Gene-nutrient Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

2014

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“…We do not yet have enough evidence to elucidate the mechanisms and outcomes of these complex interactions, and it is likely that additional interactions remain undiscovered. 30 In the future, advances in this understanding may be supported by increased research investment in whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics initiatives, as well as improving technology and reducing associated testing costs.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenetics—Personalized Nutrition in the Genetic Age

Beckett¹,

Jones²,

Veysey³

et al. 2017

Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine

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Diet is an important modifiable determinant of disease, and it is becoming clear that diet and genetic risk factors are interactive in determining risk for diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers. Advances in technology have improved our understanding of gene-nutrient interactions, and lead to the development of nutrigenetics, personalized nutrition based on genetics. While evidence is strong for some associations, others remain unclear. As such, the implementation of nutrigenetics remains controversial. While some argue it is not ready for clinical use, it has also been argued that nutrigenetics is unfairly held to a higher standard than traditional nutrition research. Despite the future promise of nutrigenetic testing for improving health outcomes, several barriers in science, technology, acceptance and ethics exist to its implementation. Gene-nutrient associations have been identified in a number of lifestyle-associated diseases, and better understanding of these relationships may lead to improved health outcomes. However, the success of nutrigenetics is not only dependent on the strength of the science, but in consumer acceptance and uptake. This narrative review provides an overview of the current landscape for nutrigenetics in relation to key disease states, and addresses the potential barriers to implementation.

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“…Researchers have established that not only environmental factors but genetic aspects are also important for many metabolic syndromes (Phillips, 2013). Energy balance in body is very important and this is controlled by several polymorphic genes encoding taste receptors.…”

Section: Nutrigenomics and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Nutrigenomics in Animal Sectors: A Review

Banerjee¹,

Pal²,

Ray³

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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Nutrigenomics is the study of gene expression or metabolic pathway depending on different food material. In recent year, nutrigenomics has gained special attention due to its great potentiality for treating chronic disease. In this review, we have emphasized the importance of nutrigenomics on human health and on animal farm, specially on pork and poultry industries. Types of food consumption are crucial factor for human health in term of specific nutrition related gene expression and this knowledge is important for preparation of personalized diet. Human genome project identified several polymorphic gene and few of them are involved in metabolic pathway. The present review demonstrated the metabolism related disease like lactose intolerance and phenylketoneuria which is occurred due to polymorphic nature of that particular gene. Due to high cost of raw material, feed efficiency in pork and poultry industries is a crucial factor. In several investigations, researchers have used different combination of food material to monitor the growth and health of pig and chicken but it needs more accuracy and better understanding. Though the food product development and field application technique has a long way to go, further development in the field of nutrigenomics will definitely show it's potentiality in the food market and the growth of individuals. A greater understanding of these mechanisms will lead us to a sustainable fisheries, more production and other aquaculture activities.

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Nutrigenetics and Metabolic Disease: Current Status and Implications for Personalised Nutrition

Cited by 151 publications

References 131 publications

Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

Nutrigenetics—Personalized Nutrition in the Genetic Age

Applications of Nutrigenomics in Animal Sectors: A Review

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