Nutrigenomics and its Impact on Life Style Associated Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

Post-human genome revelation observes the emergence of ‘Nutigenomics’ as one of the exciting scientific advancement influencing mankind around the world. Food or more precisely 'nutrition' has the major impact in defining the cause-response interaction between nutrient (diet) and human health. In addition to substantial understanding of nutrition-human-health interaction, bases of 'nutrigenomic' development foster on advent in transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics as well as insight into food as health supplement. Interaction of selected nutrient with associated genes in specific organ or tissue necessary to comprehend that how individual's genetic makeup (DNA transcribed into mRNA and then to proteins) respond to particular nutrient. It provided new opportunities to incorporate natural bioactive compounds into food for specific group of people with similar genotype. As inception of diabetes associated with change in gene expression of, not limited to, protein kinase B, insulin receptor, duodenal homeobox and glucokinase, thus, targeting such proteins by modifying or improving the nutritional availability or uptake may help to devise novel food, supplements, or nutraceuticals. In this article, various aspects of R&D in nutrigenomics are reviewed to ascertain its impact on human health, especially with life-style associated diseases.

Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity

“…In fact, foods containing anti-inflammatory bioactives, such as caffeic acid (Yerba mate), tyrosol (olive oil), quercetin (fruits and vegetables), licopene (tomatoes an watermelon) and α-tocoferol (green tea) are able to reduce the inflammation. Its reduction is led by lower expression of ciclo-oxigenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes after the inhibition of Kappa B-nuclear factor's translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus [ 102 , 103 ]. Actually nutrigenomics, with the other “omics” sciences (such as Proteomics, Metabolomics and Transcriptomics), represents a pivotal tool in evaluating, treating and preventing different future diseases, especially in the area of NTCDs [ 85 ].…”

Customized DNA–directed precision nutrition to balance the brain reward circuitry and reduce addictive behaviors

“…Nutrigenomics is the study of the relationships between nutrition, the response of genes, and their combined effects on overall health and behavior [13]. However, not all nutrigenomic technologies are the same.…”

Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate

“…Dietary nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, making the identification and analysis of nutrient-gene interactions a necessary step in the understanding of this chronic disease. Nutrigenomics, the area of nutrition that uses molecular tools to elucidate the influence of nutrients over the genome, proteome and metabolome, provides a genetic understanding of how common dietary components lead to up and/or down-regulation of gene(s) and changes in protein expression levels [ 6 ]. The nutrient gene interaction may modulate the gene expression via different mechanisms: (i) Directly; (ii) Through their metabolites; (iii) By activating various signalling molecules of complex metabolic pathways [ 7 ].…”