Nutrigenomics in Farm Animals

Óvilo, Cristina

doi:10.15406/jig.2017.04.00059

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For better utilization of local feedstuffs, more knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing growth or meat quality differences under different dietary regimes is needed. Effects of bioactive compounds on tissue metabolism and phenotype are expected to be mediated, at least partially, by changes in tissue gene expression, as reported in nutrigenomic studies [16]. Although the effects of tannins supplementation has been explored at the level of microbiota composition and intestine and hepatic candidate gene expression [12,14], with a focus on boar taint compounds metabolism, to the best of our knowledge there is no previous work exploring nutrigenomic effects of chestnut wood extract-supplemented diets on pig muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatness and Growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka Pigs

Núñez

Radović

Savić

et al. 2021

Animals

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This work was aimed at evaluating loin transcriptome and metabolic pathway differences between the two main Serbian local pig breeds with divergent characteristics regarding muscle growth and fatness, as well as exploring nutrigenomic effects of tannin supplementation in Mangalitsa (MA) pigs. The study comprised 24 Mangalitsa and 10 Moravka (MO) males, which were kept under identical management conditions. Mangalitsa animals were divided in two nutritional groups (n = 12) receiving a standard (control) or tannin–supplemented diet (1.5%; MAT). Moravka pigs were fed the standard mixture. All animals were slaughtered at a similar age; 120 kg of average live weight (LW) and loin tissue was used for RNA-seq analysis. Results showed 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, enriched in genes involved in growth, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism and muscle development, such as PDK4, FABP4, MYOD1 and STAT3, as well as a relevant number of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory activity (MT-NDs, NDUFAs among others). Oxidative phosphorylation was the most significantly affected pathway, activated in Mangalitsa muscle, revealing the basis of a different muscle metabolism. Also, many other relevant pathways were affected by breed and involved in oxidative stress response, fat accumulation and development of skeletal muscle. Results also allowed the identification of potential regulators and causal networks such as those controlled by FLCN, PPARGC1A or PRKAB1 with relevant regulatory roles on DEGs involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, or IL3 and TRAF2 potentially controlling DEGs involved in muscle development. The Tannin effect on transcriptome was small, with only 23 DEGs, but included interesting ones involved in lipid deposition such as PPARGC1B. The results indicate a significant effect of the breed on muscle tissue gene expression, affecting relevant biological pathways and allowing the identification of strong regulatory candidate genes to underlie the gene expression and phenotypic differences between the compared groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatness and Growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka Pigs

Núñez

Radović

Savić

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Positive correlations between SCD expression and FA content is observed, particularly for total FAs, MUFA, and c9,t11-CLA, while lower SCD expression in adipose tissues is detected in Holstein-Friesian cows and mature culled cows when fed with PUFA (Gamarra et al, 2018). Thus, imparting nutrition for animals with PUFA enriched diets results in a lower expression SCD gene, which appears to be due to the inhibitory role of PUFA on the promotion of the SCD gene in the liver and adipose tissues (Benítez et al, 2017)…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of Grass-Based versus Grain-Based Feeding of Ruminants on the Human Hygienic Status, a Review.

Al‐Shuhaib¹,

Al-Shuhaib²

2019

jwpr

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Ruminant meat quality is one of the important factors contributing to the recent spreading of several diseases, such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular problems, which have increased predominately. Feeding regiment plays an important role in the determination of the composition of fatty acids and meat quality in ruminants. This review aims to highlight the main factors that lie behind the variability of ruminant meat quality and its effect on human being's health. The reduction in grass-feeding decreases saliva levels in the ruminants, which has several consequences on the rumen, including a reduction in pH level, along with a reduction in the microorganism activities and conjugated linoleic acid levels. In adipose tissues, the expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases gene is negatively affected by the decreased conjugated linoleic acid levels in the rumen, which leads to a decreased transformation of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the lower monounsaturated fatty acids and the parallel increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the consumed meat can be associated with some human diseases. Thus, the present study provided a molecular explanation for the superiority of grass-based feeding in ruminants raised at pasture in term of production of meat with a healthier quality for consumers than those raised on grains.

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“…The emerging field of nutrigenomics ( Figure 6) studies the ways in which bioactive chemicals in food and feed affect the animal's metabolism by altering gene expression. It brings together several disciplines, including bioinformatics, biology, epidemiology, epigenetics, genomics, functional genomics, molecular biology and nutrition (Benitez et al, 2017) and will provide technologies to feed according to the animal's genetic predisposition for production. That will lower GHGs emissions and excreta, thus nutrigenomics opens new opportunities to mitigate climate change nutritionally.…”

Section: Nutritional Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally smart animal agriculture and integrated advisory services ameliorate the negative effects of climate change on production

Kadzere¹

2018

SA J. An. Sci.

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The objective is to discern how Charles Darwin's Origin of species (1859) and the theory of natural selection and evolutionary biology-'a grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die'-are core to achieving environmentally and climate-smart, economically viable, sustainable animal agriculture in a changing climate. Darwin's 'survival of the fittest' theory implies inherent comparative advantage of survivors over the succumbed in any given environment. An animal's phenotype (P) results from interaction of its genotype (G) and the environment (E), expressed as P = G x E. Human migration has transferred livestock breeds from places of origin to distant continents and agro-ecological zones, far from where they have inherent comparative production advantage. For example, crossbreeds of Bos taurus and Bos indicus have higher average performance than median of either parent population. However, the heterotic effect of hybrids is associated with loss of environmental adaptation compared with parent populations. Indigenous breeds, their phenotypes and ecotypes thrive best in distinct environments, ceteris paribus. An environment is the sum total of conditions that influence animal productivity in the habitat. These include nutrition, genetics, disease, exposure to parasites, management practices, climate, rainfall, humidity, heat and cold stressors, and advisory services. Hybrids lose some adaptive capacity compared with parents, and require habitat modifications if they are to express their fullest genetic potential. In the light of this and of global warming challenges to livestock production, it is scientifically and technically prudent to exploit the inherent comparative production advantages of indigenous genotypes, phenotype and ecotypes, when mitigating climate change, more so in low-input animal agriculture systems of sub-Saharan Africa and at similar locations. Climate change poses multidisciplinary challenges that require integrated collaborative cross-discipline research, extension and training to provide holistic solutions.

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Nutrigenomics in Farm Animals

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatness and Growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka Pigs

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatness and Growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka Pigs

The Effects of Grass-Based versus Grain-Based Feeding of Ruminants on the Human Hygienic Status, a Review.

Environmentally smart animal agriculture and integrated advisory services ameliorate the negative effects of climate change on production

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