NutrimiRAging: Micromanaging Nutrient Sensing Pathways through Nutrition to Promote Healthy Aging

Abstract

Current sociodemographic predictions point to a demographic shift in developed and developing countries that will result in an unprecedented increase of the elderly population. This will be accompanied by an increase in age-related conditions that will strongly impair human health and quality of life. For this reason, aging is a major concern worldwide. Healthy aging depends on a combination of individual genetic factors and external environmental factors. Diet has been proved to be a powerful tool to modulate aging and caloric restriction has emerged as a valuable intervention in this regard. However, many questions about how a controlled caloric restriction intervention affects aging-related processes are still unanswered. Nutrient sensing pathways become deregulated with age and lose effectiveness with age. These pathways are a link between diet and aging. Thus, fully understanding this link is a mandatory step before bringing caloric restriction into practice. MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular functions and can be modified by diet. Some microRNAs target genes encoding proteins and enzymes belonging to the nutrient sensing pathways and, therefore, may play key roles in the modulation of the aging process. In this review, we aimed to show the relationship between diet, nutrient sensing pathways and microRNAs in the context of aging.

Dietary compounds as potential modulators of microRNA expression in psoriasis

“…40 Conversely, it seems more realistic and more convincing to expect that bioactive compounds present in foods may affect endogenous miRNA synthesis (Figure 1). 40–47…”

Tart Cherry Increases Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by Altering Metabolic Signaling Pathways

“…Aging has a significant influence on economy, health, and demography with healthy aging being a global challenge [1]. In 2018,~16% of the United States population were 65 years old or over and expected to reach 23% by 2060 [2].…”

“…Calorie restriction is the most established method for successfully extending lifespan of animals and model organisms such as C. elegans [9][10][11]. However, human studies are scarce [12], and the safety and effectiveness of calorie restriction for lifespan extension in humans is controversial [1]. Therefore, it is critical to identify dietary bioactive compounds that reduce ROS levels and thereby delay aging.…”

Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Methionine Restriction

“…After integration miRNAs have the ability to post transcriptionally regulate gene expression through the formation of RNA duplexes ( 62 ). The miRNA profile changes with age and numerous miRNAs that are affected by age are also regulated by CR ( 66 ), suggesting these regulatory RNA molecules are associated with CR-induced extension of lifespan. Many of these miRNAs associated with the IGF-1 PI3K/AKT mTOR signaling pathways are important for nutrient sensing and subsequent physiological response during CR.…”