Nutrition and Body Build: A Kenyan Review1

Mukeshi, Meke; Thairu, Kihumbu

doi:10.1159/000422341

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…On the basis of this data, and from the two other dietary studies on Kenyan runners (14,6), there is no evidence to support the notion that the Kenyan diet per se can explain the outstanding performances of Kenyan runners. If anything, there would appear to be room for considerable "improvements" in the nutritional practices of elite Kenyan runners, with particular reference to energy balance and fluid ingestion, assuming current recommendations would indeed be advantageous and not detrimental to the running performances of elite Kenyan runners.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…It is interesting to note that Margaret Okayo, the female Kenyan runner who won the 2004 London Marathon, weighed only 39 kg. Despite this, underreporting of habitual food intake by the athletes cannot be excluded in the present study and in the study by Mukeshi and Thairu (14). The fact that the athletes in the present study lost weight lends more credibility to the accuracy of food intake being lower than energy needs; it appears less likely that the athletes underreported food intake.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…No fluids were ingested before or during training, although only a modest amount of water was ingested after training and not by all athletes. The previous two dietary studies in Kenyan runners (14,6) made no particular reference to fluid intake, especially in relation to exercise training, and therefore it can be assumed that no specific strategies were adopted as in the present study. Although the drinking habits of these Kenyan runners is somewhat contrary to current dietary recommendations (2), it has recently been argued that some degree of dehydration could benefit marathon runners by increasing the pressure gradient across their capillary beds, increasing capillary flow rates, and decreasing intercapillary distances (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners

Onywera

Kiplamai

Tuitoek

et al. 2004

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan runners was compared to recommendations for endurance athletes. Estimated energy intake (EI: 2987 ± 293 kcal; mean ± standard deviation) was lower than energy expenditure (EE: 3605 ± 119 kcal; P < 0.001) and body mass (BM: 58.9 ± 2.7 kg vs. 58.3 ± 2.6 kg; P < 0.001) was reduced over the 7-d intense training period. Diet was high in carbohydrate (76.5%, 10.4 g/kg BM per day) and low in fat (13.4%). Protein intake (10.1%; 1.3 g/kg BM per day) matched recommendations for protein intake. Fluid intake was modest and mainly in the form of water (1113 ± 269 mL; 0.34 ± 0.16 mL/kcal) and tea (1243 ± 348 mL). Although the diet met most recommendations for endurance athletes for macronutrient intake, it remains to be determined if modifying energy balance and fluid intake will enhance the performance of elite Kenyan runners.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners

Onywera

Kiplamai

Tuitoek

et al. 2004

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Notably, middle- and long-distance runners from Ethiopia and Kenya hold over 90% of both all-time world records as well as the current top-10 positions in world event rankings [12]. Possible explanations have been proposed including genetic factors [13,14], environmental conditions [9,15] and near optimal dietary practices [9,16,17]. However, the east African running phenomenon still remains largely unexplained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a significant number of studies have investigated putative factors influencing the east African running phenomenon, only five studies have assessed the dietary practices of elite east African runners and all have involved Kenyan athletes [8,9,16-18]. The first of these studies, Mukeshi and Thairu [17] estimated the energy intake (EI) of male, long distance Kenyan runners through a combination of questionnaires and direct observation. Remarkably low EI (9790 kJ/d on average) was reported, while the average CHO intake was 441 g (8.1 g/kg of BM per day) or 75% of total EI (TEI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners

Beis

Willkomm

Ross

et al. 2011

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundExplanations for the phenomenal success of East African distance runners include unique dietary practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners during a period of high intensity exercise training at altitude and prior to major competition.MethodsThe dietary intake of 10 highly-trained Ethiopian long distance runners, living and training at high altitude (approximately 2400 m above sea level) was assessed during a 7 day period of intense training prior to competition using the standard weighed intake method. Training was also assessed using an activity/training diary.ResultsBody mass was stable (i.e., was well maintained) over the assessment period (pre: 56.7 ± 4.3 kg vs. post: 56.6 ± 4.2 kg, P = 0.54; mean ± SD). The diet comprised of 13375 ± 1378 kJ and was high in carbohydrate (64.3 ± 2.6%, 545 ± 49 g, 9.7 ± 0.9 g/kg). Fat and protein intake was 23.3 ± 2.1% (83 ± 14 g) and 12.4 ± 0.6% (99 ± 13 g, 1.8 ± 0.2 g/kg), respectively. Fluid intake comprised mainly of water (1751 ± 583 mL), while no fluids were consumed before or during training with only modest amounts being consumed following training.ConclusionsSimilar to previous studies in elite Kenyan distance runners, the diet of these elite Ethiopian distance runners met most recommendations of endurance athletes for macronutrient intake but not for fluid intake.

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Food and macronutrient intake of male adolescent Kalenjin runners in Kenya

2002

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A nutritional survey based on twelve adolescent male Kalenjin runners in Kenya during a 2-week field study was carried out in order to determine the composition of their diet and make a comparison with macronutrient recommendations for athletes. Food samples were collected for analysis of macronutrient distribution and energy content from main meals and the macronutrient distribution and energy content of additional food intake were based on the information of a 24 h recall interview and estimated from food tables. The diet of the Kalenjin runners was very high in carbohydrate (71 % 8·7 g/kg body weight per d) and very low in fat (15 %). Intake of total protein (13 %; 1·6 g/kg body weight per d) was above the daily intake recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU), while essential amino acid intake was estimated to be in the borderline-to-low range based on FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations for children , 12 years and adults. The energy intake was mainly derived from vegetable sources (90 %) with maize and kidney beans as the staple food (81 %). The diet of the Kalenjin runners met recommendations for endurance athletes for total protein and most essential amino acid intake as well as carbohydrate intake even though it was based on a small range of food items.

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Nutrition and Body Build: A Kenyan Review1

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners

Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners

Food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners

Food and macronutrient intake of male adolescent Kalenjin runners in Kenya

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