Nutrition and diabetes in the Asia–Pacific region with reference to cardiovascular disease

Abstract

In many parts of the Asia-Pacific region, diabetes prevalence is increasing and seems destined to become a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The phenomenon seems predicated on insulin resistance (IR), partly attributable to an early impact of abdominal (visceral) adiposity than in Caucasian populations. Food intake along with physical activity and emotional stress are all determinants of glycaemic status. The glycaemic index (GI) of foods indicates that a number of food factors other than glucose content are important for good glycaemic response to foods and meals. These include (i) low GI foods could also be ones low in fat, (ii) foods that have the lowest GI which include lentils, pasta, noodles, multigrain breads and some fruits (e.g. grapefruit, plums) and (iii) fruits are to be preferred to their juices. The nutritional management of diabetes is best served by counselling changes in a sociocultural context and step-wise fashion by negotiation rather than prescription. It needs to be accompanied by advice to engage in regular physical activity, both aerobic and strength training. The same concept applies to the prevention of abdominal adiposity and diabetes mellitus type II in the Asia-Pacific region, but with particular reference to protective regional food.

Insulin Initiation in Insulin-Naïve Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Real-World Practice: The Modality of Insulin Treatment Evaluation Study

“…The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010 to 2012) reported that only 11% of patients with diabetes mellitus were treated with insulin [ 4 ]. In the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry, most Chinese patients (60.3%) with T2DM had HbA1c >7.0%, although many were receiving multiple OHAs [ 9 ]. Moreover, the proportion of patients on OHAs with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) increased as the duration of T2DM increased; from 23.7% of patients with T2DM for <5 years to 75.9% of patients with a disease duration ≥20 years.…”

Diet and hypertension in the Asia-Pacific region: a brief review

“…71 Several sociobehavioural models have been used successfully to bring about a variety of health gains in the populations. The transtheoretical model or stages of change model is one such model.…”

“…Wahlqvist has suggested that an important approach for clinicians and others is to pursue a series of small changes in the public's health and dietary habits so that they can be successfully assimilated. 71 Several sociobehavioural models have been used successfully to bring about a variety of health gains in the populations. The transtheoretical model or stages of change model is one such model.…”

Diet and hypertension in the Asia–Pacific region: a brief review

“…Several levels of intervention may be required. Wahlqvist has suggested that an important approach for clinicians and others is to pursue a series of small changes in the public’s health and dietary habits so that they can be successfully assimilated 71 . Several sociobehavioural models have been used successfully to bring about a variety of health gains in the populations.…”