Nutrition and feeding aspects of the utilization of processed lignocellulosic waste materials by animals

Nicholson, J. W. G.

doi:10.1016/0304-1131(81)90012-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The technique began to be applied commercially, both on farm and at industrial facilities, in Europe during the 1970s. The effect of NaOH on a wide range of roughages has been studied extensively (Capper et al 1977, Jackson 1977, Nicholson 1981 and is still used today at a commercial-scale and for laboratory studies (Pires et al 2006), primarily because of its effectiveness and the ready availability of NaOH.…”

Section: Alkaline Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammoniation has been studied extensively (Nicholson 1981) and the process is used commercially to improve the nutritive quality of low-quality forage. Ammonia is a slow reacting chemical (e.g., Waiss et al (1972) determined optimal conditions for rice straw were 5% added ammonia with 30% added water and 30 days treatment at ambient temperature) but the rate of chemical conditioning can be sped up at elevated temperature.…”

Section: Alkaline Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical processing of forage using grinding or pelleting typically results in an increase in daily intake but reduced digestibility of the dry matter (Nicholson 1981). However, the products of digestion are utilized more efficiently so that there is an increase in the net energy value.…”

Section: Physical Processing (Baling Pelletization Depithing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cattle, feeding diets based upon finely ground roughage can lead to digestive disorders resulting in cessation of rumination, bloat, parakeratosis, depressed butter fat content in milk, reduced appetite, and lower gastrointestinal fill (Nicholson 1981). These effects can be effectively countered by the addition of a small proportion of unmilled roughage in the diet.…”

Section: Physical Processing (Baling Pelletization Depithing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugarcane‐derived animal feed

Harrison

2016

Sugarcane‐Based Biofuels and Bioproducts

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Section: Alkaline Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alkaline Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Processing (Baling Pelletization Depithing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Processing (Baling Pelletization Depithing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugarcane‐derived animal feed

Harrison

2016

Sugarcane‐Based Biofuels and Bioproducts

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“…Animals, especially ruminants, lose 20 to 30 percent of their liveweight during the dry season due to low productivity of pasture (Hoste 1974). But the use of concentrate supplements, or the chemical, physical and microbial treatments generally recommended (Nicholson 1981;Hartley 1981) to improve the low energy and protein in lignified straw are not actually applicable to small scale farmers however historical perspective, when Oklahoma researchers (Hibberd et al, 1987) added increasing levels of cotton seed meal to low-quality native grass hay diets containing equal amounts of corn, they observed a significant improvement in digestibility. Several growth trials have supported these results through comparable performance using either hay-based or silage-based diets (Brown, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cotton Seed Cake, Lucerne Hay Supplementation on Intake of Maize Stover and Weight Gain by Male Sahiwal Bull

Anwar¹

2017

Preprint

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The experiment was conducted at livestock research and development station surezai Peshawar during March 2012 to study the effect of cotton seed cake, Lucerne hay supplementation on intake of maize stover and weight gain by male sahiwal bull. Twelve (12) young Sahiwal bull breed, 280 kg average liveweight and 2 years of age were randomly put into 4 groups of 3 animals under intensive feeding system to determine the effect of different protein supplements on growth, and intake of chopped, dried maize stover. A control group was fed stover adlibitum only, and the other groups were fed daily 750 g cottonseed cake/head, 1 kg lucerne hay or 900 g of lucerne/cottonseed cake (66:34; w/w). Significant differences were observed on average daily live weight gains. Animals on lucerne and its mixture registered higher daily gains (243 g) and (330 g) respectively, followed by cottonseed cake (156 g); the control group lost weight (-8.0 g/d). Contrary to the live weight gains, animals fed on lucerne and its mixture had lower maize stover intakes, 3.35 kg DM/animal/day and 3.70 kg DM respectively, while those on cottonseed cake and the control group ingested respectively 4.72 kg DM and 4.16 kg DM maize Stover. It is concluded that during the critical period in the suburb of Peshawar, small-scale farmers can prevent loss in live weight by utilizing simple available rations.

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Increased digestibility of bagasses by pretreatment with alkalis and steam explosion

Playne

1984

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Alkali treatment and steam explosion of bagasse were investigated in order to develop economical and effective methods of increasing the digestibility of bagasse. The treated bagasse was to be used as a substrate for the production of volatile fatty acids by anaerobic acidogenic bacteria. The alkalis examined were NaOH, NH(3) (aqueous), NaOH + NH(3), Ca(OH)(2), and Ca(OH)(2) + Na(2)CO(3), at ambient temperature and in combination with steam explosion at 200 degrees C, 6.9 MPa, and 5 min cooking times. Digestibilities of up to 733 g organic matter (OM)/kg bagasse dry matter (DM) were obtained for bagasse treated with NaOH and Ca(OH)(2) + Na(2)CO(3); less than 430 g OM was obtained for bagasse treated with aqueous NH(3); and up to 724 g OM was obtained for bagasse treated with Ca(OH)(2). This digestibility was only achieved by using high concentrations of Ca(OH)(2), i.e., 180-300 g/kg bagasse. Steam explosion increased the digestibility of bagasse up to 740 g OM in the presence of alkali but only to 610 g OM in the absence of alkali. The digestibility of bagasse without pretreatment was 190 g OM/kg bagasse DM. More than one-half the hemicellulose present was solubilized by pretreatment. The composition of the liquid fraction of steam-exploded material was examined and contained mainly xylose monomers and oligomers (112 g/kg original bagasse DM) and acetic acid (33 g/kg original DM). The relative costs of the alkalis used were obtained for the United States, Australia, and Europe. Lime [Ca(OH)(2)] was the least expensive alkali per unit of additional digestible OM obtained. Ammonia was the most expensive alkali to use, except in the United States where the difference in its cost relative to other alkalis was smaller. However, ammonia provides organic nitrogen for microbial growth, and could be recycled. With acidogenic fermentations, alkali is able to double as a neutralizing agent during fermentation. Thus, concentrations of alkali equal to that required for neutralization may be used in pretreatment. Concentrations of Ca(OH)(2) as high as 300 g/kg bagasse were needed for neutralization and should, therefore, be considered for pretreatment. Steam explosion of bagasse resulted in digestible, sterilized substrates of small particle size with readily separable liquid and pulp streams.

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Nutrition and feeding aspects of the utilization of processed lignocellulosic waste materials by animals

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Sugarcane‐derived animal feed

Sugarcane‐derived animal feed

The Effect of Cotton Seed Cake, Lucerne Hay Supplementation on Intake of Maize Stover and Weight Gain by Male Sahiwal Bull

Increased digestibility of bagasses by pretreatment with alkalis and steam explosion

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