Nutrition and Feeding of Fish

Lovell, Tom

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1174-5

Cited by 658 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Minerals are inorganic elements, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper and selenium, which fish may absorb from both their diet and the external environment (Lovell, 1998).…”

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also important components of hormones and enzymes (Lall, 2002). Vitamins are organic compounds, distinct from amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates, which are required in trace amounts from exogenous sources for normal growth, reproduction and health (Lovell, 1998). Vitamins may have coenzyme functions or functions independent of enzymes, such as the requirement of folic acid for normal blood cell formation (Halver, 2002).…”

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Degree:Master of ~nvironmentai ToxicologyTitle of Project:The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCEI hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesislProjecff Extended EssayThe effects of diet composition and ration on biotransforrnation enzymres and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Michelle Dayna Morrow (name) ABSTRACTNutritional quality and quantity play significant roles in the amount of energy an animal assimilates and in the distribution of that energy. Furthermore, energy is allocated in a hierarchical fashion beginning with basal metabolism and then successively to other physiological processes depending on other energetic requirements of the animal. To date, little information exists on the effects of diet and ration on the stress response and detoxification system in fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of dietary composition and ration on the biotransformation and stress response systems in juvenile rainbow trout.Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35 to 55%) and lipid content (8 to 18%), at full satiation or partial ration for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was highest in fish fed low protein, high lipid diets at both ration levels and was highest overall in fish fed to satiation. Stress indicators, including plasma lactate, glucose and cortisol concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary treatment or ration. Basal biotransformation enzyme activity, including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD) activity, were also unaffected by dietary treatment. Fish exposed to the biotransformation enzyme inducer 13-napthoflavone did not exhibit an alteration in stress indicators or GST activity; however, EROD activity was increased (87 to 210-fold) in fish receiving all diets and rations demonstrating the importance of this system even under limited energy intake.The results of the present study indicate that, unlike mammals, fish may be more recalcitrant to different levels of ingestion (above maintenance ration) of isoenergetic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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“…These variations were related to the different rations provided, and values increased with decreasing feed E/P ratio and increasing feed protein levels. The variations in ammonia levels are probably due to the decrease in the E/P ratio, which induces fish to use protein as an energy source, increasing the release of ammonia nitrogen (Lovell, 1989;Wilkie, 2002). Changes in pH and electrical conductivity are associated to the increasing levels of ionized ammonia in the water, which has an alkaline reaction (Kubitza, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, determining the ideal E/P ratio is as important as knowing the fish protein requirement. An unbalanced feed E/P ratio may result in low performance of fish production systems (Lovell, 1989). Excessive non-protein feed energy may inhibit voluntary food consumption before sufficient amounts of amino acids are ingested, whereas insufficient non-protein dietary energy will result in the use of protein as an energy source, compromising fish growth and immune system (National Research Council, 1993;Aliyu-Paiko et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

Santos

Lima

Santos

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g -1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food-deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g -1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g -1 , in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g -1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui.Index terms: Colossoma macropomum, blood parameters, energy/protein requirement, food restriction. Estratégias alimentares e relação entre energia e proteína sobre o desempenho e a fisiologia de tambaquiResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da privação alimentar e da realimentação com dietas contendo diferentes relações entre energia e proteína (E/P) sobre o desempenho e a fisiologia de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Utilizou-se arranjo fatorial 4x2 com três repetições, com quatro relações E/P (11,5, 10,5, 9,5 e 8,5 kcal g -1 de energia digestível por proteína) e dois regimes alimentares (com e sem privação), durante 60 dias. Peixes do grupo com privação alimentar permaneceram em jejum por 14 dias e foram realimentados do décimo quinto ao sexagésimo dia, enquanto os demais foram alimentados por 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental, o peso dos peixes submetidos à privação alimentar foi menor do que o dos alimentados continuamente; entretanto, esta condição não influenciou os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados. Tambaquis alimentados com 11,5 kcal g -1 obtiveram menor peso que os alimentados com as demais dietas, em ambos os regimes. Entre os parâmetros fisiológicos, apenas a proteína plasmática apresentou aumento significativo nos peixes alimentados com 8,5 kcal g -1 , em ambos os regimes alimentares, provavelmente em razão da maior concentração de proteína na dieta. Esses resultados mostram que os peixes apresentam crescimento compensatório parcial em todos os tratamentos, e que 10,5 kcal g -1 pode ser recomendada para a dieta de juvenis de tambaqui.Termos para indexação: Colossoma macropomum, parâmetros sanguíneos, exigência energia/proteína, restrição alimentar.

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“…Várias são as discussões sobre o modo de ação da ractopamina. Uma das evidências é que, com o uso do aditivo, a síntese de proteína é aumentada enquanto que a degradação desse nutriente é reduzida e as taxas lipogênicas são reduzidas também (Lovell, 1998). Um fator que pode explicar os resultados obtidos com as carpas húngaras é a fase de vida dos peixes, que, por serem jovens ainda, apresentam baixa capacidade de lipogênese.…”

Section: Arqunclassified

Ractopamina na dieta da carpa húngara (Cyprnus carpio) criada em tanques-rede

Devens¹,

Lazzari

Rotilli³

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOAvaliou-se a utilização da ractopamina como promotor de crescimento para carpa húngara em experimento com 56 dias de duração, realizado em 12 tanques-rede de pequeno volume, utilizando-se 360 peixes com peso inicial de 18,64±1,25g. Foram testadas três quantidades de ractopamina, 7, 14 e 21ppm/kg, mais a dieta controle. Avaliaram-se o peso médio, o comprimento total, a altura, a taxa de crescimento específico e o fator de condição. Foram também analisadas a composição corporal, a deposição tecidual e a glicose plasmática dos peixes. Não foi observado efeito significativo da adição de ractopamina sobre as características de desempenho. Observou-se maior concentração de glicose, 61,67mg/dL, nos peixes alimentados sem a adição de ractopamina na dieta. A adição de ractopamina na dieta proporcionou maior quantidade de gordura corporal nos peixes e não afetou a quantidade de proteína. Conclui-se que a adição de ractopamina na dieta não é eficiente para juvenis de carpa húngara. Palavras-chave: carpa, aditivos, repartidor de nutrientes, tanque-rede ABSTRACT

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Nutrition and Feeding of Fish

Cited by 658 publications

References 43 publications

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

Ractopamina na dieta da carpa húngara (Cyprnus carpio) criada em tanques-rede

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