Nutrition and Feeding of Sparidae

Oliva-Teles, Aires; Lupatsch, Ingrid; Nengas, Ioannis

doi:10.1002/9781444392210.ch7

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…The most common FO alternatives are VOs, for example rapeseed oil or soyabean oil, which are devoid of essential LC-PUFA and, consequently, their use has important implications, not only on the nutritional value of the product for consumers (36)(37)(38) , but also effects on metabolism and fish health (1) . We employed a dietary gradient of VO to span the EFA requirements reported for a commercially relevant teleost, the gilthead seabream (26) and show how this gradient modifies the composition and the expression of lipid metabolic and regulatory genes in gilthead seabream juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish were fed to satiation twice per day using automatic feeders and waste feed was collected to accurately measure feed consumption. The six diets were formulated to deliver specific levels of LC-PUFA by progressively replacing FO with blends of rapeseed and palm oil, whereas the other dietary ingredients were selected to meet the known nutrient requirements of seabream ( 26 ) (Table 1). Diets were produced by extrusion at the BioMar Tech-Centre.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

et al. 2017

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The replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces 24 the availability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) to marine fish 25 such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and 26 physiological responses to a dietary gradient of n-3 LC-PUFA. Six isoenergetic and 27 isonitrogenous diets (D1-D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of 28 FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient of n-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after four 29 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations 30 and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid 31 metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. 32Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. 33There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which 34 correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol 35 regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2 and fatty acid synthase increased 36 in the liver, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha 1 pathways appeared 37 to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in 38 lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1-D3, which agrees with the weight 39 gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be 40 related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression of beta-41 oxidation and stimulation of srebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in 42 contributing toward steatosis in fish fed n-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets. 43 44 3 Introduction 45Sustainable expansion of aquaculture requires reduction in the use of fishmeal (FM) and 46 fish oil (FO) in aquafeed formulations (1)(2)(3)(4) . Both raw materials, particularly FO, are rich 47 in the two key n-3 (or omega-3) long-chain (≥ C 20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-48 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 3), recognised as essential fatty acids (EFA) for the majority of marine fish species (5) . 50 DHA is an essential component of neural and retinal membranes (6) and both EPA and 51 DHA are precursors for an extensive range of autocrine signalling molecules (e.g. 52 eicosanoids, resolvins, protectins, etc.) (7) . Dietary deficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA has 53 impacts on the health (8) , metabolism (9, 10) , composition (11, 12) and growth (13) of marine 54 fish. 55Typically, an aquafeed for a given marine fish species contains a combination of 56 FO to supply essential n-3 LC-PUFA and vegetable oils (VO) that, while devoid of LC-57 PUFA, supply dietary energy (14, 15) . Marine fish lack sufficient activity of the LC-PUFA 58 biosynthesis pathway to satisfy requirements (5) . In terms of fatty acid composition, the 59 key effects of high inclusion levels of VO are an increase in C 18 unsaturated fatty acids 60 (α-linolenic acid, linoleic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

et al. 2017

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“…Livestock, particularly poultry and fish, do not have true protein requirements, but rather amino acid (parts of protein) needs (Teles et al, 2011). Hence, protein quality depends on the amino acid composition -mainly the balance among dispensable and indispensable amino acids is important (Sánchez-Muros et al, 2014).…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of <i>Imbrasia belina</i> worm as a poultry and fish feed. A review

Moyo¹,

Masika²,

Muchenje³

2019

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Knowing if and to what extent food particle size can affect the dentition in S. aurata can be useful for the aquaculture industry. Although farming conditions for S. aurata have been well established (Teles et al 2011), optimizing feed efficiency may indeed result in less production costs (Basurco et al 2011), as in other intensive aquaculture. Apart from the descriptions in the studies of Castejón and Mitjans (1985), Cataldi et al (1987), El Bakary (2012), Elgendy et al (2016), andGermain andMeunier (2020), the size of some molariform teeth was reported in Sisma-Ventura et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative analysis of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juvenile dentition as a tool to assess the effect of diet

et al. 2021

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Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes, Sparidae), is an important aquaculture species in the Mediterranean Sea basin. Yet, quantitative data on its dentition under standard farming conditions are currently lacking. It is furthermore unknown if the dentition can adapt to food of different sizes. Here, we describe the lower jaw dentition of juvenile S. aurata fed a standard pellet size (4 mm), and present a detailed analysis of eleven representative teeth. Overall, the number of teeth showed large individual variation, yet not significantly related to fish length. Considerable left-right differences were observed, without clear side dominance. We also assessed the influence of feeding S. aurata a smaller (2 mm) or larger (6 mm) pellet size. Four months of feeding with different pellet sizes did not cause detectable differences in total tooth number on the dentaries at the time of harvest, nor in size of the teeth assumed to be most relevant in food processing. If and how different pellet sizes may nevertheless affect digestion, and eventually fish health, is subject for further studies.

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Nutrition and Feeding of Sparidae

Cited by 13 publications

References 176 publications

The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

The potential of <i>Imbrasia belina</i> worm as a poultry and fish feed. A review

A quantitative analysis of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juvenile dentition as a tool to assess the effect of diet

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