Nutrition and Health-Management in Dairy Production

Sundrum, Albert

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89447

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Common differentiations of life functions that an animal has to fuel include productive processes such as growth, gestation and lactation as well as maintenance functions. However, definitions of maintenance and the requirements of regulatory systems are essentially conceptual, of a qualitative nature and are also imprecise and contradictory throughout the scientific literature [ 25 , 26 ]. However, activities like thermoregulation and immune function are known to impose high demands [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resource Allocation Between Maintenance and Productive LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch of Glucose Allocation between Different Life Functions in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Habel

Sundrum

2020

Animals

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Immune cell functions such as phagocytosis and synthesis of immunometabolites, as well as immune cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, largely depend on an adequate availability of glucose by immune cells. During inflammation, the glucose demands of the immune system may increase to amounts similar to those required for high milk yields. Similar metabolic pathways are involved in the adaptation to both lactation and inflammation, including changes in the somatotropic axis and glucocorticoid response, as well as adipokine and cytokine release. They affect (i) cell growth, proliferation and activation, which determines the metabolic activity and thus the glucose demand of the respective cells; (ii) the overall availability of glucose through intake, mobilization and gluconeogenesis; and (iii) glucose uptake and utilization by different tissues. Metabolic adaptation to inflammation and milk synthesis is interconnected. An increased demand of one life function has an impact on the supply and utilization of glucose by competing life functions, including glucose receptor expression, blood flow and oxidation characteristics. In cows with high genetic merits for milk production, changes in the somatotropic axis affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as immune functions are profound. The ability to cut down milk synthesis during periods when whole-body demand exceeds the supply is limited. Excessive mobilization and allocation of glucose to the mammary gland are likely to contribute considerably to peripartal immune dysfunction.

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Section: Resource Allocation Between Maintenance and Productive LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch of Glucose Allocation between Different Life Functions in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Habel

Sundrum

2020

Animals

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“…By this means, endangered animals can be identified and modifications of the individual supply or demand side engineered. Such an approach suggests a more effective and cost-efficient procedure than strategies that primarily rely on the adjustment of a diet which is fed to all animals of a feeding group while disregarding the intra-and i n t e r i n d i v i d u a l v a r i a t i o n o f n u t r i e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s (Sundrum, 2020b).…”

Section: What Matters To Improve the Level Of Ahw In The Farm System?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why has animal science not led to improved farm animal health and welfare?

Sundrum

2024

Front. Anim. Sci.

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To sustain the economic viability of a livestock farm in a global market, characterised by a price undercutting competition, farmers are forced to adapt to what the market demands. At the same time, they have to care for the functionality of the farm system as a whole and of the subsystems, such as the farm animals, so that they for their part they can contribute to an economic success. Now, that animal health and welfare (AHW) has become an increasingly important issue for citizens and consumers, not only the decision makers but also the disciplines of animal science are challenged to improve an unsatisfying AHW level that has been neglected for long. However, to reduce AHW problems requires a quite different approach than to increase productive efficiency. A common sense can be assumed concerning the need to strive for an optimal cost-to-benefit ratio while balancing positive and negative impacts of production processes on economic and AHW target figures. However, what is often not adequately considered is the fact that economic and biological demands have to be balanced within a living system, e.g. in the individual animal and farm system. These function as the relevant reference systems in all cases where measures to reduce AHW problems are considered. Furthermore, there is a large gap of scientific knowledge, however, not in the traditional sense. While the predominant approaches, scientists generate context-invariant, and thus generalisable disposal knowledge in diversified subdisciplines, problem solving requires contextualisation, orientation and action-guiding knowledge within transdisciplinary approaches. The reason is that AHW problems are highly context-sensitive as well as multifactorial. They develop within the farm specific interconnectedness of manifold and highly varying factors, emerging a complexity that does not allow predictive statements via inductive approaches but requires an iterative procedure to approach to a farm specific AHW level, which is balanced with the overarching goal of economic viability. Recommended action guiding knowledge has to be of high external and ecological validity, before farmers might consider it to be implemented in farm practice. From the reflection about the discrepancy between the knowledge needed to reduce AHW problems and what is offered by animal science, it is concluded that not only the farm systems but also the predominant approaches of animal science have to be transformed. Otherwise, there is not a big chance to considerably reduce AHW problems in farm animals.

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Balancing Trade-Offs in Milk Production by Making Use of Animal Individual Energy Balancing

Rumphorst

Scheu²,

Koch³

et al. 2022

Dairy

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Traditionally, the energy supply of dairy cows is based on the average performance of the herd. Because this contradicts the great variation in requirements between individual animals, the objective of the present study was to quantify both the extent and consequences of variation in the relevant sub-variables used to calculate the energy balance (EB) on an individual animal basis. Total energy supply (TES) and requirements (TER) of 28 multiparous German Holstein dairy cows fed TMR with 7.0 MJ NEL were studied between the 2nd and 15th week after calving. TES, mainly influenced by DMI, increased from 100.1 (week 2) to 152.1 MJ NEL/d (week 15; p < 0.01). Weekly coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 0.10 and 0.16 and were similar to the CV of DMI (0.09 to 0.17). TER, as the sum of energy requirement for maintenance (body weight) and production (milk yield), decreased from 174.8 (week 2) to 164.5 MJ NEL/d (week 15; p < 0.01) and CV varied between 0.16 (week 2) and 0.07 (week 11). EB increased from −74.8 (week 2) to −12.4 MJ NEL/d (week 15; p < 0.01) and CV varied from 0.32 (week 3) to 1.01 (week 10). The results indicate that calculating EB on an individual animal basis is a prerequisite to identify animals with an increased risk of failing to cope with their energy situation, which cause failure costs that drain the profit of affected cows.

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Nutrition and Health-Management in Dairy Production

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Mismatch of Glucose Allocation between Different Life Functions in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Mismatch of Glucose Allocation between Different Life Functions in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Why has animal science not led to improved farm animal health and welfare?

Balancing Trade-Offs in Milk Production by Making Use of Animal Individual Energy Balancing

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