Nutrition and other lifestyle influences on arterial aging

LaRocca, Thomas J.; Martens, Christopher R.; Seals, Douglas R.

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.002

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Mechanisms by which calorie restriction reduces chronic inflammation include diminished ROS production and consequent downregulation of NF-κB-induced transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in multiple tissues 263 . Of note, dietary restriction significantly reduces the risk of CVD in humans, and in animal models, dietary restriction is associated with numerous beneficial changes in arterial walls 264 .…”

Section: Inflammageing Is a Pillar Of Gerosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

2018

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Most older individuals develop inflammageing, a condition characterized by elevated levels of blood inflammatory markers that carries high susceptibility to chronic morbidity, disability, frailty, and premature death. Potential mechanisms of inflammageing include genetic susceptibility, central obesity, increased gut permeability, changes to microbiota composition, cellular senescence, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, oxidative stress caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, immune cell dysregulation, and chronic infections. Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and clinical trials suggest that this association is causal. Inflammageing is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia, but whether modulating inflammation beneficially affects the clinical course of non-CVD health problems is controversial. This uncertainty is an important issue to address because older patients with CVD are often affected by multimorbidity and frailty — which affect clinical manifestations, prognosis, and response to treatment — and are associated with inflammation by mechanisms similar to those in CVD. The hypothesis that inflammation affects CVD, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and interfering with homeostatic signalling is supported by mechanistic studies but requires confirmation in humans. Whether early modulation of inflammageing prevents or delays the onset of cardiovascular frailty should be tested in clinical trials.

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Section: Inflammageing Is a Pillar Of Gerosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

2018

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“…Putative compounds that may enhance exercise signalling in postmenopausal women must be tested for efficacy, as well as risk. (7) If aerobic exercise training is determined to be less effective for enhancing vascular function in postmenopausal women than in middle-aged and older men, it will be essential to establish alternative evidence-based lifestyle and pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies to optimize cardiovascular health in women, as reviewed elsewhere LaRocca et al 2017;Martens & Seals, 2016;Moreau & Ozemek, 2017;Moreau, 2018;Nowak et al 2018;Seals et al 2018). (8) Presently it is unknown if sex hormone-associated modulation of the cardiovascular benefits of aerobic exercise extend to middle-aged and older men.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Seals

Nagy

Moreau

2019

The Journal of Physiology

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162

129

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women in developed societies. Age is the greatest risk factor for CVD due largely to adverse changes to arteries that include stiffening of the large elastic arteries (aortic and carotid arteries) and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular ageing is driven by oxidative stress, which reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and stimulates changes in the extracellular matrix. In women, reductions in circulating oestrogens with menopause interact with ageing processes to induce vascular dysfunction. Regular aerobic exercise is the most evidence‐based strategy for reducing CVD risk with ageing in both men and women. Much of this cardiovascular‐protective effect of aerobic exercise is likely due to its vascular health‐enhancing influence. Large elastic artery stiffening with advancing age is attenuated in healthy adults engaged in aerobic exercise training, and aerobic exercise interventions improve arterial stiffness in previously sedentary middle‐aged and older men and postmenopausal women. Regular aerobic exercise also enhances endothelial function with ageing in men (by reducing oxidative stress and preserving NO bioavailability), but not consistently in oestrogen‐deficient postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, treatment with oestradiol appears to restore the ability of aerobic exercise to improve NO‐mediated endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress. Several research gaps exist in our understanding of potential sex differences in the vascular adaptations to regular aerobic exercise. More information is needed on the factors that are responsible for sex differences, including the role of circulating oestrogens in transducing the aerobic exercise training ‘stimulus’.

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“…Furthermore, a 1-unit increase in the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 was associated with 1.55-fold odds for the presence of HVA. The components of Life's Simple 7 most closely associated with HVA were obesity and diabetes, which are also associated with longitudinal change in aortic stiffness (103), suggesting that relatively straightforward lifestyle interventions may prevent stiffening (53), promote HVA, and reduce CVD risk.…”

Section: Excessive Aortic Stiffness and Major Cvd Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic stiffness, pressure and flow pulsatility, and target organ damage

Mitchell

2018

Journal of Applied Physiology

107

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Measures of aortic stiffness and pressure and flow pulsatility have emerged as correlates of and potential contributors to cardiovascular disease, dementia, and kidney disease. Higher aortic stiffness and greater pressure and flow pulsatility are associated with excessive pulsatile load on the heart, which increases mass and reduces global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle. Excessive stiffness and pulsatility are also associated with microvascular lesions in high-flow organs, such as the brain and kidney, suggesting that small vessels in these organs are damaged by pulsatility. This brief review will summarize evidence relating aortic stiffness to cardiovascular, brain, and kidney disease.

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Nutrition and other lifestyle influences on arterial aging

Cited by 71 publications

References 160 publications

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Aortic stiffness, pressure and flow pulsatility, and target organ damage

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