Nutrition and prostate cancer: A case‐control study

Heshmat, Martin Y.; Kaul, Lalita; Kovi, Joseph; Jackson, Marcus; Jackson, Aaron; Jones, G. W.; Edson, Mitchell; Enterline, John P.; Worrell, Roger G.; Perry, Sophie

doi:10.1002/pros.2990060103

Cited by 139 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Findings from previous epidemiologic studies examining the intake of saturated fatty acid in relation to prostate cancer are inconsistent, although dietary fat may be related to prostate cancer risk (13). Only one prospective and four case-control studies have reported that the intake of saturated fatty acid increased the risk of prostate cancer (20,(38)(39)(40)(41). In Japanese men, dairy products are the main source of not only calcium but also saturated fatty acid, with data from a validation study in this cohort showing a mean intake and cumulative percent of 120.2 mg/d and 19.3% for calcium and 2.6 g/d and 16.0% for saturated fatty acid, respectively (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Product, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Calcium Intake and Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Japanese Men

Kurahashi¹,

Inoue²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

127

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Many epidemiologic studies have reported a positive association between dairy products and prostate cancer. Calcium or saturated fatty acid in dairy products has been suspected as the causative agent. To investigate the association between dairy products, calcium, and saturated fatty acid and prostate cancer in Japan, where both the intake of these items and the incidence of prostate cancer are low, we conducted a populationbased prospective study in 43,435 Japanese men ages 45 to 74 years. Participants responded to a validated questionnaire that included 138 food items. During 7.5 years of follow-up, 329 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Dairy products were associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of prostate cancer. The relative risks (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of total dairy products, milk, and yogurt were 1.63 (1.14-2.32), 1.53 (1.07-2.19), and 1.52 (1.10-2.12), respectively. A statistically significant increase in risk was observed for both calcium and saturated fatty acid, but the associations for these were attenuated after controlling for potential confounding factors. Some specific saturated fatty acids increased the risk of prostate cancer in a dose-dependent manner. Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) on comparison of the highest with the lowest quartiles of myristic acid and palmitic acid were 1.62 (1.15-2.29) and 1.53 (1.07-2.20), respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that the intake of dairy products may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Product, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Calcium Intake and Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Japanese Men

Kurahashi¹,

Inoue²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

127

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“…24 So far, clinical studies have repeatedly shown a positive correlation between increased dietary fat intake or specific fatty foods and a higher incidence of PC, with some studies showing a greater than threefold increased incidence. 8,9,25 A conclusive mechanism by which fat acts as a promoter of prostate carcinogenesis has not been established, but a promotional effect of dietary fat in prostatic tissue comparable to testosterone has been suggested by animal studies. 26 In general, dietary studies suffer from certain limitations, including inadequacies of the dietary questionnaire methodology, 27 problems with analyzing dietary fatty acid components as well as the impact of food processing, 27 and the fact that interindividual variability of bioabsorption and lipid metabolism are not taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The hypothesis that dietary fat as a major substrate for oxidative stress might be related to PC was initially suggested by international studies, which showed a strong positive correlation between PC mortality and per capita intake of fat, meat and milk. 7 Saturated fat intake in particular has been found to be positively associated with PC in some studies, 8,9 but not all. 10 Moreover, no association has been found between unsaturated fat intake and the incidence of PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypertriglyceridemia as a possible risk factor for prostate cancer

Wuermli

Joerger

Henz

et al. 2005

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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We retrospectively studied anthropometric and laboratory parameters (including serum triglycerides, cholesterol), as well as comedication in 504 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1997 and August 2002 at a single referral center, and compared these patients with 565 age-matched patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. A positive correlation was found between serum triglycerides and prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.148/mmol/l; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003-1.315; Po0.05) after correcting for age, body mass index, diabetes and comedication with statins. Hypertriglyceridemia may increase the risk of prostate cancer, and the prognostic relevancy of serum triglycerides should be studied prospectively.

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“…Associations between fat intake and risk of prostate cancer have been seen in many case-control studies [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], but sometimes only in subgroups. In a large case-control study among various ethnic groups within the U.S.…”

Section: Diet and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Cancer

2000

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The large differences in cancer rates among countries, striking changes in these rates among migrating populations, and rapid changes over time within countries indicate that some aspect of lifestyle or environment is largely responsible for the common cancers in Western countries. Dietary fat has been hypothesized to be the key factor because national consumption is correlated with the international differences. However, detailed analyses in large prospective studies have not supported an important role of dietary fat. Instead, positive energy balance, reflected in early age at menarche and weight gain as an adult, is an important determinant of breast and colon cancers, consistent with numerous studies in animals. As a contributor to positive energy balance, and possibly by other mechanisms, physical inactivity has also been shown to be a risk factor for these diseases and in part accounts for the international differences. Although the percentage of calories from fat in the diet does not appear related to risk of colon cancer, greater risks have been seen with higher consumption of red meat, suggesting that factors other than fat per se are important.In many case-control studies, a high consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risks of numerous cancers, but recent prospective studies suggest these associations may have been overstated. Among the factors in fruits and vegetables that have been examined in relation to cancer risk, present data most strongly support a benefit of higher folic acid consumption in reducing risks of colon and breast cancers. These findings have been bolstered by an association between incidence of colon cancer and a polymorphism in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid metabolism. The benefits of folic acid appear strongest among persons who regularly consume alcohol, which itself is associated with risk of these cancers. Numerous other aspects of diet are hypothesized to influence the risks of cancers in Western countries, but for the moment the evidence is unclear. The Oncologist 2000;5:393-404 The Oncologist 2000;5:393-404 www.TheOncologist.com Correspondence: Walter C. Willett, M.D., Dr. P.H., Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Telephone: 617-432-4680; Fax: 617-432-0464 Received June 20, 2000; accepted for publication June 21, 2000. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2000 The great interest during the last several decades in diet and human cancer derives from the large variations in rates of specific cancers among countries, coupled with the dramatic changes in cancer incidence among populations emigrating to regions with different rates. Such observations indicate the importance of potentially modifiable factors in the cause and prevention of cancer, and a role of diet has been suggested by strong correlations between cancer rates and national per capita intake of specific nutrients. In their comprehensive 1981 review of a...

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Nutrition and prostate cancer: A case‐control study

Cited by 139 publications

References 40 publications

Dairy Product, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Calcium Intake and Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Japanese Men

Dairy Product, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Calcium Intake and Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Japanese Men

Hypertriglyceridemia as a possible risk factor for prostate cancer

Diet and Cancer

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