Nutrition and Sarcopenia—What Do We Know?

Ganapathy, Aravinda; Nieves, Jeri W.

doi:10.3390/nu12061755

Cited by 211 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…With regard to other dietary components, further aspects should be explored in T2DM with sarcopenia; in fact, in non-diabetic individuals, there are some promising data regarding the role of vitamin D and sarcopenia, but it is unclear whether the dose, frequency of dose, or length of treatment impacts the efficacy of vitamin D on improving muscle mass or function [ 109 ]. Furthermore, selenium and magnesium have been studied as supplements in clinical trials and in the diet, and they appear to demonstrate a potential association with physical activity, muscle performance, and bone health in older individuals [ 109 , 110 ]. Following the Mediterranean diet and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with improved physical performance and protection against muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty [ 109 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, selenium and magnesium have been studied as supplements in clinical trials and in the diet, and they appear to demonstrate a potential association with physical activity, muscle performance, and bone health in older individuals [ 109 , 110 ]. Following the Mediterranean diet and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with improved physical performance and protection against muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty [ 109 ]. The supplementation of the branched-chain amino acid, leucine, or leucine-enriched protein is one of the most common interventions for treating sarcopenia in older individuals [ 111 , 112 ], and evidence reported that administration of leucine or leucine-enriched proteins (range 1.2–6 g leucine/day) is well-tolerated and significantly affects sarcopenia in elderly individuals, improving muscle strength, lean mass content, and walking speed although these effects depend on sarcopenia criteria and the patients’ characteristics [ 113 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2021

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2021

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“…To date, the beneficial impacts of plant-derived proteins on indices of muscle health are not fully explained. It has been suggested that alkaline plant-based diets, rich in minerals such as potassium and magnesium, may favour maintenance of muscle mass and function in older adults [60]. Further research is warranted in order to unravel links between plant-derived proteins and muscle health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Sarcopenia in Ageing European Adults: The Importance of the Amount and Source of Dietary Proteins

et al. 2020

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While an adequate protein intake is important for the maintenance of muscle mass during ageing, the amount and source of protein necessary for optimal prevention of sarcopenia remains to be determined. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of the amount and source of dietary proteins on sarcopenia risk in a cohort of 65–79-year-old European adults within the frame of the NU-AGE study. A total of 986 participants were included in the analysis. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and handgrip strength (HG) were employed to create a continuous sex-specific sarcopenia risk score (SRS). Total amount together with animal- and plant-derived sources of proteins were obtained from a 7-day food record. Differences in SRS were analysed across groups of total protein intake (<0.8 g/body weight (BW); 0.8–<1.0 g/BW; 1.0–<1.2 g/BW; and ≥1.2 g/BW). The association between SRS and the different sources of protein was assessed using isocaloric substitution models adjusted by demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed, with a lower SRS linked to higher protein intakes. Based on the isocaloric substitution modelling, a reduced SRS was observed when increasing plant protein to the detriment of animal protein, while holding total protein intake constant. Further, this result remained significant after stratifying the analysis by adherence to different levels of protein intake. Our findings suggest that older adults may benefit from increasing protein intakes above current recommendations. Besides total amount, protein source should be considered when promoting health dietary habits in older adults for the prevention of sarcopenia.

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“…A secondary progressive loss of muscle mass or sarcopenia in chronic diseases is an increasing medical issue, particularly in the ageing population of developed countries [ 1 , 2 ]. The underlying causes are frequently multifactorial, such as aging-dependent inactivity and malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by MuRF1 and Treatment of Myopathy in Diabetic Mice with Small Molecules Targeting MuRF1

Labeit

Hirner

Bogomolovas

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 regulates muscle catabolism during chronic wasting states, although its roles in general metabolism are less-studied. Here, we metabolically profiled MuRF1-deficient knockout mice. We also included knockout mice for MuRF2 as its closely related gene homolog. MuRF1 and MuRF2-KO (knockout) mice have elevated serum glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced glucose tolerance. In addition, MuRF2-KO mice have a reduced tolerance to a fat-rich diet. Western blot and enzymatic studies on MuRF1-KO skeletal muscle showed perturbed FoxO-Akt signaling, elevated Akt-Ser-473 activation, and downregulated oxidative mitochondrial metabolism, indicating potential mechanisms for MuRF1,2-dependent glucose and fat metabolism regulation. Consistent with this, the adenoviral re-expression of MuRF1 in KO mice normalized Akt-Ser-473, serum glucose, and triglycerides. Finally, we tested the MuRF1/2 inhibitors MyoMed-205 and MyoMed-946 in a mouse model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). After 28 days of treatment, T2DM mice developed progressive muscle weakness detected by wire hang tests, but this was attenuated by the MyoMed-205 treatment. While MyoMed-205 and MyoMed-946 had no significant effects on serum glucose, they did normalize the lymphocyte–granulocyte counts in diabetic sera as indicators of the immune response. Thus, small molecules directed to MuRF1 may be useful in attenuating skeletal muscle strength loss in T2DM conditions.

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Nutrition and Sarcopenia—What Do We Know?

Cited by 211 publications

References 138 publications

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Fighting Sarcopenia in Ageing European Adults: The Importance of the Amount and Source of Dietary Proteins

Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by MuRF1 and Treatment of Myopathy in Diabetic Mice with Small Molecules Targeting MuRF1

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