Nutrition, anxiety and hormones. Why sex differences matter in the link between obesity and behavior.

Clark, Thomas D; Reichelt, Amy C.; Ghosh-Swaby, Olivia R.; Simpson, Stephen J.; Crean, Angela J.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113713

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The present pilot study was conducted in order to compare the electrophysiological brain activity of children and adolescents with GAD using ERPs with those of typically developing counterparts. The first hypothesis, which was based on previous studies [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], compared the P300 latencies and reaction times of children and adolescents with GAD with those obtained from a control group. The expected longer latencies in the P300 component in participants with GAD was indicated by the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Striking variations between men and women in both the anatomy and function of the brain can be spotted in regions associated with anxiety, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and extended amygdala complex [ 17 ]. In the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, female reproductive hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, may also play a significant role [ 18 ]. Their significant CNS modulating effects impact the way anxiety disorders are exhibited in females, the way they evolve, and the degree of response to treatment [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ERPs in Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Before and after an Intervention Program

2022

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According to DSM 5, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various topics that occupies the majority of the subject’s time for a period of at least six months. The aforementioned state causes distress and/or functional impairments. This paper presents the outcomes of a pilot study that evaluated the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and CBT with an SSRIs intervention program. The participants comprised 16 children and adolescents with GAD (8 males and 8 females) matched with 16 typically developing peers (8 males and 8 females) aged from 10 to 16 years old (M = 12.56 SD = 2.18). Baseline assessment consisted of event related potentials (ERPs), which indicated that participants with GAD presented cognitive deficits in attention and memory, as they exhibited longer P300 latencies. Following treatment with the CBT program and/or medication, children and adolescents with GAD did not present statistically significantly longer P300 latencies and reaction times in comparison to the control group. Lastly, children and adolescents who followed the CBT program or the CBT program with psychopharmacological assistance did not reveal statistically significant differences in 13 out of 15 topographic brain areas and in reaction time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERPs in Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Before and after an Intervention Program

2022

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“…Thus, subtle differences between males and females may only arise under certain contexts, as shown in a study by Marcon et al ( 2022 ). Regardless, incorporating sex in studies examining nutritional effects on behavior will enable greater clarity in the nuanced interactions between diet and mood disorders such as anxiety (Clark, Reichelt, et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes

Anwer

Mason

Zajitschek

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The obesity epidemic, largely driven by the accessibility of ultra‐processed high‐energy foods, is one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, there is increasing concern about the impacts of diet‐induced obesity on behavior and cognition. While research on this matter continues, to date, no study has explicitly investigated the effect of obesogenic diet on variance and covariance (correlation) in behavioral traits. Here, we examined how an obesogenic versus control diet impacts means and (co‐)variances of traits associated with body condition, behavior, and cognition in a laboratory population of ~160 adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). Overall, an obesogenic diet increased variation in several zebrafish traits. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet were significantly heavier and displayed higher body weight variability; fasting blood glucose levels were similar between control and treatment zebrafish. During behavioral assays, zebrafish on the obesogenic diet displayed more exploratory behavior and were less reactive to video stimuli with conspecifics during a personality test, but these significant differences were sex‐specific. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet also displayed repeatable responses in aversive learning tests whereas control zebrafish did not, suggesting an obesogenic diet resulted in more consistent, yet impaired, behavioral responses. Where behavioral syndromes existed (inter‐class correlations between personality traits), they did not differ between obesogenic and control zebrafish groups. By integrating a multifaceted, holistic approach that incorporates components of (co‐)variances, future studies will greatly benefit by quantifying neglected dimensions of obesogenic diets on behavioral changes.

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“…Thus, subtle differences between males and females may only arise under certain contexts, as shown in a study by Marcon et al (2022). Regardless, incorporating sex in studies examining nutritional effects on behavior will enable greater clarity in the nuanced interactions between diet and mood disorders such as anxiety (Clark, Reichelt, et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Effect Of Obesogenic Diet On Anxietyrelated Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of an obesogenic diet on behaviour and cognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio): traits average, variability, repeatability, and behavioural syndromes

Anwer¹,

Mason²,

Zajitschek³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The obesity epidemic, largely driven by the accessibility of ultra-processed high-energy foods, is one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, there is increasing concern about the impacts of diet-induced obesity on behaviour and cognition. While research on this matter continues, to date, no study has explicitly investigated the effect of obesogenic diet on variance and covariance (correlation) in behavioural traits. Here, we examined how an obesogenic versus control diet impacts means and (co-)variances of traits associated with body condition, behaviour, and cognition in a laboratory population of ~160 adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Overall, an obesogenic diet increased variation in several zebrafish traits. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet were significantly heavier and displayed higher body weight variability; fasting blood glucose levels were similar between control and treatment zebrafish. During behavioural assays, zebrafish on the obesogenic diet displayed more exploratory behaviour and were less reactive to video stimuli with conspecifics during a personality test, but these significant differences were sex-specific. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet also displayed repeatable responses in aversive learning tests whereas control zebrafish did not, suggesting an obesogenic diet resulted in more consistent, yet impaired, behavioural responses. Where behavioural syndromes existed (inter-class correlations between personality traits), they did not differ between obesogenic and control zebrafish groups. By integrating a multifaceted, holistic approach that incorporates components of (co-)variances, future studies will greatly benefit by quantifying neglected dimensions of obesogenic diets on behavioural changes.

show abstract

Nutrition, anxiety and hormones. Why sex differences matter in the link between obesity and behavior.

Cited by 14 publications

References 104 publications

ERPs in Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Before and after an Intervention Program

ERPs in Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Before and after an Intervention Program

The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes

The effects of an obesogenic diet on behaviour and cognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio): traits average, variability, repeatability, and behavioural syndromes

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