Nutrition Concepts for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults

Abstract

Obesity caused by a positive energy balance is a serious health burden. Studies have shown that obesity is the major risk factor for many diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart diseases, or various types of cancer. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of increased body weight are key. Different evidence-based treatment approaches considering weight history, body mass index (BMI) category, and co-morbidities are available: lifestyle intervention, formula diet, drugs, and bariatric surgery. For all treatment approaches, behaviour change techniques, reduction in energy intake, and increasing energy expenditure are required. Self-monitoring of diet and physical activity provides an effective behaviour change technique for weight management. Digital tools increase engagement rates for self-monitoring and have the potential to improve weight management. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize current available treatment approaches for obesity, to provide a selective overview of nutrition trends, and to give a scientific viewpoint for various nutrition concepts for weight loss.

What Intervention Elements Drive Weight Loss in Blended-Care Behavior Change Interventions? A Real-World Data Analysis with 25,706 Patients

“…Tailoring [ 41 ] and personalization [ 42 , 43 ] of BBCI in particular will profit from subgroup analyses of large data sets. In addition, research is needed on how BBCI can improve existing treatment approaches and nutrition concepts for weight management [ 44 ]. Future studies also need to determine which intervention elements are best delivered by HCP and which can be delegated to digital devices to make the best use of scarce HCP resources.…”

Comparing Digital Therapeutic Intervention with an Intensive Obesity Management Program: Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Therefore, a multimodal lifestyle intervention covering diet, exercise and behavioral therapy is recommended as a part of obesity treatment [ 8 , 9 ]. According to numerous studies, lifestyle intervention promotes increased weight loss in obese patients compared to standard care [ 10 ]. In some trials, the intervention groups also improved glycemic control, lipids profile, blood pressure and quality of life more than the control groups [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Liraglutide and Exercise: A Possible Treatment for Obesity?

“…Obesity has become an important public health problem worldwide, and its characterization as a chronic disease reflects the impact of a complex and multifactorial condition, with genetic, physiological, behavioral, and socio-cultural contributions [1]. The clinical complications of obesity encompass a range of disorders, including metabolic (diabetes, hypertension, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), mechanical (obstructive sleep apnea and orthopedic problems), and mental health (anxiety and depression) disorders, as well as others, such as cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer [2].…”

“…Energy balance changes with weight loss, making it necessary to adjust energy intake and expenditure during weight control. However, adherence to a lifestyle intervention is a challenge for many overweight and obese people [1].…”

“…There are several agents for the pharmacological therapy of obesity, leading to decreased appetite, gastric emptying, nutrient absorption, or increased satiety. Growing evidence shows that behavior-based interventions with an anti-obesity drug can result in greater weight loss than usual care conditions alone [1].…”