Nutrition, feeding and management of beef cattle in intensive and extensive production systems

McAllister, Tim A.; Stanford, Kim; Chaves, Alex V.; Evans, Priscilla R.; Figueiredo, Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza; Ribeiro, Gabriel O

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817052-6.00005-7

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…It takes 8-12 years for the growth and shrinkage of cattle herds (USDA, 2021b). Cattle feed consists mainly of forage, including hay and grass, and is commonly supplemented with corn or soybean derived products and additives (USDA, 2004;McAllister et al, 2020). Feed can contribute up to half of all production costs associated with raising cattle (USDA, 2004).…”

Section: Npd Scenario Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Based Modeling for the Food Supply Chain's Resilience to Outbreaks

Moynihan

Avraam

Siddiqui

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Scant research focuses on the resiliency of food supply chain networks to outbreaks, despite the estimated 600 million global foodborne illnesses annually. Outbreaks that cross country, state and provincial lines are virulent due to the number of people they can affect and difficulty controlling them. Research is needed on food supply chain networks, which are not well-characterized in relation to foodborne illnesses or generally. This paper introduces the United States Food, Energy, and State Transportation (US-FEAST) model and demonstrates its applicability via analysis of a hypothetical demand shock resulting from multistate food contamination. US-FEAST is an optimization-based model across all fifty states with yearly timesteps to 2030. It is a framework integrating food system data from multiple individual data sources. To calibrate, we develop a bilevel optimization routine to generate synthetic, state-level data and provide estimates of otherwise unavailable data at the intersections of the food and transportation systems. The results of US-FEAST elucidate potential heterogenous state-level variations in response, regional changes in food flows, vulnerabilities in the supply chain, and implications for food system resilience. While the generated data and scenarios are not empirical evidence, they provide insights to aid in planning by projecting outcomes and intervention effects. Our results estimate a 23% beef production decrease and 4% price decrease provide a road map toward data needs for quantifying food system resilience to foodborne illness. US-FEAST and its framework may have global utility for studying food safety in national and international food supply chain networks.

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Section: Npd Scenario Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Based Modeling for the Food Supply Chain's Resilience to Outbreaks

Moynihan

Avraam

Siddiqui

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Feeding systems for cattle are very diverse (Humer et al., 2018 ; McAllister et al., 2020 ), apart from for veal calves, which are fed on milk substitute via an automated feeder, or grass‐fed beef suckler herds, which may be fed almost entirely on grazed grass and forages (silage, hay, straw), supplemented by urea‐based mineral licks and minimal rolled cereals or compound feed if required. Dairy cattle are normally fed a higher proportion of compound feed or home‐mixed total mixed ration (TMR), which usually comprises a mix or maize silage, rolled grain and vegetable protein meal, plus minerals and vitamins.…”

Section: Appendix C – Supporting Information On Animal Feeding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 1: Methodology, general data gaps and uncertainties

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The European Commission requested EFSA to assess, in collaboration with EMA, the specific concentrations of antimicrobials resulting from cross-contamination in non-target feed for foodproducing animals below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in microbial agents relevant for human and animal health, as well as the levels of the antimicrobials which could have a growth promotion/increase yield effect. The assessment was performed for 24 antimicrobial active substances, as specified in the mandate. This scientific opinion describes the methodology used, and the main associated data gaps and uncertainties. To estimate the antimicrobial levels in the non-target feed that would not result in emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance, a model was developed. This 'Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration' (FARSC) model is based on the minimal selective concentration (MSC), or the predicted MSC (PMSC) if MSC for the most susceptible bacterial species is unavailable, the fraction of antimicrobial dose available for exposure to microorganisms in the large intestine or rumen (considering pharmacokinetic parameters), the daily faecal output or rumen volume and the daily feed intake. Currently, lack of data prevents the establishment of PMSC and/or FARSC for several antimicrobials and animal species. To address growth promotion, data from an extensive literature search were used. Specific assessments of the different substances grouped by antimicrobial classes are addressed in separate scientific opinions. General conclusions and recommendations were made.

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“…The nishing phase in feedlots enables the use of food sources that are adequate for the animal's requirements, yielding in higher productivity and meat quality [1]. However, this system is responsible for a greater accumulation of manure, which contains several components such as N and organic materials [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle

Coelho¹,

Brito²,

Messana³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Here, the effects of sources of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in diets on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle were evaluated. We hypothesized that the use of different RUP sources in diets would reduce N loss via urine and contribute to reduced N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions to the environment. Nellore cattle received different diets (18 animals/treatment), including soybean meal (SM, RDP source), by-pass soybean meal (BSM, RUP source) and corn gluten meal (CGM, RUP source). The protein source did not affect the N and C concentration in urine, C concentration in feces, and N balance (P > 0.05). The RUP sources resulted in a higher N2O emission than the RDP source (P = 0.030), while BSM resulted in a higher N2O emission than CGM (P = 0.038) (SM = 633, BSM = 2521, and CGM = 1153 g ha− 2 N-N2O); however, there were no differences in CH4 and NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of RUP in diets did not affect N excretion of beef cattle or CH4 and NH3 emission from manure, but increased N2O emission from the manure.

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Nutrition, feeding and management of beef cattle in intensive and extensive production systems

Cited by 31 publications

References 96 publications

Optimization Based Modeling for the Food Supply Chain's Resilience to Outbreaks

Optimization Based Modeling for the Food Supply Chain's Resilience to Outbreaks

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 1: Methodology, general data gaps and uncertainties

Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle

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