Nutrition, immunity and infection: From basic knowledge of dietary manipulation of immune responses to practical application of ameliorating suffering and improving survival

For several years cytokine production has been associated with infections but it was not suspected that some types of food could also induce cytokines, even in a state of non-infection. Lactic bacteria can induce interferon (IFN) production in human healthy subjects, thus, a better protection against infections would be expected. Therefore, we planned to evaluate the effect of two diets including yoghurt or milk on IFN-g production during nutritional recovery in two different situations of malnutrition: (1) children with diarrhoea; and (2) patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Both the diet including yoghurt of that including milk seemed to increase IFN-g production at the end of nutritional recovery in the malnourished children with diarrhoea. The significance of interferon production and the lymphocyte subset increase should be explored to know if a better resistance against pathogens is related to them. Regulation of intestinal absorption and moderate stimulation of interferon production make the yoghurt-based diet a good choice in the nutritional care of children. In the same way, an increase in the IFN-g production was observed in AN patients consuming yoghurt. This increase of IFN-g production could be considered a biological marker to detect the effect of probiotics on the immune response, especially in the improvement of a deficient nutritional status.

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“…The immunological markers of nutritional status studied here were significantly altered in undernutrition (Chandra, 1996(Chandra, , 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The effect of fermented milk on interferon production in malnourished children and in anorexia nervosa patients undergoing nutritional care

et al. 2002

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“…Protein-calorie malnutrition is a common finding in patients with cirrhosis, related more to the severity than to the cause of liver disease. 40 Because malnutrition is considered the most prevalent acquired immunodeficiency, 41 it is reasonable to think that those patients with worse hepatocellular function would be more severely malnourished, and subsequently more immunosuppressed, explaining the reduced incidence of EAR when liver function fails. In accordance with this idea, a recent report showed a reduced incidence of acute rejection in malnourished patients compared with patients with a better nutritional state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic model for early acute rejection after liver transplantation

Gómez-Manero¹,

Herrero²,

Quiroga³

et al. 2001

Liver Transpl

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Hepatic graft rejection is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT), with a maximum incidence within the first weeks. The identification of high-risk patients for early acute rejection (EAR) might be useful for clinicians. A series of 133 liver graft recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors was retrospectively assessed to identify predisposing factors for EAR and develop a mathematical model to predict the individual risk of each patient. The incidence of EAR (<45 days after LT) was 35.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that recipient age, underlying liver disease, and Child's class before LT were independently associated with the development of EAR. Combining these 3 variables, the following risk score for

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“…This effect is particularly important among those groups of individuals who may have under-developed or sub-optimally functioning immune systems, such as the young, the old or immunocompromised individuals (Makinodan, 1995;Chandra, 1996Chandra, , 1997. While the proper functioning of all aspects of the immune system is important in maintaining health, certain groups may experience a more pronounced de®-ciency in one particular facet of the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses

et al. 2000

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Objective: To de®ne the cellular basis for immune enhancement by a probiotic lactic acid bacteria strain (Bi®dobacterium lactis HN019); and to determine whether immune enhancement can be optimized by delivery in oligosaccharide-enriched low-fat milk. Design: A double-blind, three-stage before-and-after intervention trial. Setting: Taipei Medical College Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Subjects: Fifty healthy Taiwanese citizens (age range 41 ± 81; median 60) randomly allocated to two groups. Interventions: In stage 1 (run-in control stage) all subjects consumed reconstituted low-fat milk (LFM) for 3 weeks; in stage 2 (probiotic intervention) subjects consumed B. lactis in LFM (group A) or B. lactis in lactosehydrolysed LFM (group B) for 3 weeks; in stage 3 all subjects returned to non-supplemented LFM for a further 3 weeks (washout stage). The innate immune functions of two different leucocyte types (polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells and natural killer (NK) cells) were assessed at four time points via in vitro analyses on peripheral blood samples. Results: While consumption of LFM alone had no signi®cant effect on immune responses, stage 2 results indicated signi®cantly enhanced PMN cell phagocytosis and NK cell tumour killing activity following consumption of milk containing B. lactis. These increases levelled off following cessation of B. lactis consumption, but remained above the pre-treatment values. Increases in PMN and NK cell activity were greatest among subjects who consumed B. lactis in lactose-hydrolysed LFM. Conclusions: Dietary consumption of the probiotic bacterium B. lactis HN019 enhanced immune function of two different types of leucocytes; the degree of enhancement was increased by consuming B. lactis in an oligosaccharide-rich substrate. Sponsorship: Financial support was provided by the New Zealand Dairy Board.

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Nutrition, immunity and infection: From basic knowledge of dietary manipulation of immune responses to practical application of ameliorating suffering and improving survival

Cited by 216 publications

References 42 publications

The effect of fermented milk on interferon production in malnourished children and in anorexia nervosa patients undergoing nutritional care

The effect of fermented milk on interferon production in malnourished children and in anorexia nervosa patients undergoing nutritional care

Prognostic model for early acute rejection after liver transplantation

Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses

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