Nutrition in Chronocardiology: We are Indebted Professor Franz Halberg

Abstract

Abstract:Franz Halberg had very many experiences in India. The word circadian and chronobiology, chronocardiology and chronoastrobiology were coined by him. He also discovered that in studies of single daily meals, eating breakfast was associated with weight loss compared to dinner, despite similar energy intake. The role of time-adjusted drug intake, especially in the early morning, was also known to ancient Indian physicians. In Ayurveda, drinking of large amounts of water in the early morning is advised, which appears to be in an attempt to increase vagal tone due to gastric distention. A circadian cell cycle resides in every cell, and peripheral timing mechanisms are being documented in molecular biologic terms at about 24-hour (circadian) and higher (ultradian) frequencies, with coordination, in mammals, by the adrenal and the pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary network. The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and clock gene contribute to the coordination of the circadian rhythms' phase and amplitude, in every day life. The SCN are influenced by the daily alternation between light and darkness directly via the eyes and by plasma melatonin concentrations secreted by the pineal gland, which is a window to both light and geomagnetics. A clinical event occurs when our neuroendocrine time structures (chronomes) are not able to cope with the adverse effects of stimuli from within or from without, acting, e.g., via the sympathetic nervous system. Triggering of the neuroendocrines by environmental factors may activate the pineal gland, pituitary functions and adrenal secretions, resulting in adverse effects on circadian variations, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV). Circadian rhythm was known to ancient man from the time of Homoerectus and Homosapiens who use to have intercourse in the early morning hours, before going for hunting to forests, causing increased secretion of testosterone in the morning as a circadian rhythm. Frey considered the mean distribution of deaths along the scales of the day and the year. In one industrial population, Pell and D'Allonzo, discussed time-macroscopically the occurrence of a peak in the morning hours in a study of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a proposition also ascertained and extended to the yearly pattern time-microscopically. The subsequent reports from other countries, the erstwhile Soviet Union and the extensive data by WHO in the report of myocardial infarction Community Registers from 19 European centers demonstrated a peak incidence of onset of chest pain due to AMI from 8.00 to 11.00 AM with a ratio of 1:2, approximately. In one study from India, in 605 AMI patients, 39% of those who had Q wave infarction (n=174) had the onset between 6.00 AM to 12.00 noon. A further study from India, among 202 AMI patients, the incidence of onset of chest pain was highest in the second quarter of the day (41.0%), mainly between 4-8 a.m., followed by the 4 th quarter, usually after large meals (28.2%). Emotion was the second most common trigger (43.5%), which was...

Association of Western Diet and Lifestyle with Circadian Hyperamplitude Tension and Mesor Hypertension Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

“…Omega-3 fatty acid is also known to control mental load and behavior [24]. There is consistent evidence that fruit and vegetable rich diet can decrease blood pressures and modulate CVDs [28][29][30][31][32]. Singh et al reported for the first time by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, about half weekly pattern of blood pressure and heart rate in men and women of India as well as circadian decrease in antioxidant vitamins and increased oxidative stress in the second quarter of 24 hours [33,34].…”

“…It also recognizes that over one-third of 72 million Americans said to be treated for hypertension can have a great conventionally unrecognized risk increase that can often be removed by adjusting the timing of antihypertensive drugs. Chronobiologically, computerimplemented self-surveillance of blood pressure and heart rate by 7-day/24-h monitoring detects conditions to which conventional treatment is now blind [4][5][6][7][8][9][26][27][28]. In the present case, we describe that a Western diet and lifestyle can predispose VVDs which may be reversed by changing to a wild type diet and lifestyle.…”

“…We detect blood pressure over-swinging and other vascular variability disorders (VVDs) such as an elevation of the MESOR (MESOR-hypertension) for midline estimating statistic of rhythm [4,[26][27][28]. Moreover, and this is a principal point, other VVDs can complicate a high blood pressure or may be induced by treating a high blood pressure.…”

“…Moreover, and this is a principal point, other VVDs can complicate a high blood pressure or may be induced by treating a high blood pressure. Most of the conventionally unrecognized VVDs change a risk of stroke or of a myocardial infarction from ~5% to near 100% over a 6 years period, and can sometimes be eliminated by changing the time of taking the medication, only [26][27][28]. A recent international consensus guided by leaders in cardiovascular physiology recognizes that 7-day/24-hour blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, when interpreted chronobiologically, can detect new risks associated with a very high likelihood of stroke [4].…”

Nutrition in Transition from Homo sapiens to Homo economicus

“…This observation is quite important for developing societies who were under-nutrition in 1950s after World War II, but eating a larger breakfast comprising of 1000 calories, may result into circadian increase in cardiovascular events in between 6.00-1200 hours among societies with overnutrition such as in affluent societies now [47]. It would be pertinent to select functional foods for the breakfast comprising of about 500 K Cal to have the beneficial effects of functional nutrients as well as of increased energy metabolism in the morning as advised by Halberg et al, causing no increase in body weight Fig.…”