Nutrition interventions implemented in hospital to lower risk of sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Rus, Grace E.; Porter, Judi; Brunton, Alexandra; Crocker, Meghan; Kotsimbos, Zoe; Percic, Jessica; Polzella, Louise; Willet, Natasha; Huggins, Catherine E.

doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12608

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…higher dietary protein intakes (≥1.2g/kgBM/day) was linked with lower FM and higher strength; and, 4) signi cant differences in body composition, strength, and power outcomes exist between male and female active older participants. There are many cross-sectional studies that examine some of these outcome measures in either community dwellers or frail and institutionalised older adults (38). However, the current study is the rst to comprehensively explore these prospective relationships in a cohort of active older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Exploration.

Huschtscha

Parr

Porter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/performance in active older adults. Methods: Fifty-four active older adults were grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥60 years), exercise volume (low: <150min/week, moderate: >150-299min/week, and high: >300min/week), protein intake (low: <0.8g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥0.8-1.19g/kgBM, and high: ≥1.2g/kgBM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual x-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a one-way ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalent) was applied to assess group differences. Results: The middle-aged group had a 13%, 17%, and 12% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older aged group (P<0.05). Participants that reported moderate and high training volumes had lower body fat mass compared to those that reported lower training volumes (26.1%, 25.1%, and 35.6%, respectively; P<0.001). Similarly, higher leg press (22% and 27%) and chest press (22% and 23%) was observed with moderate and high training volumes compared with lower. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (P=0.019), higher leg strength (P=0.038) and relative power (W/kg) (P=0.048) compared to the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes expect for gait speed (P=0.611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (P=0.147).Conclusion: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Exploration.

Huschtscha

Parr

Porter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The main findings were (1) middle-aged and older adults had no significant differences in body composition, but did display differences in strength, power, and performance; (2) higher exercise volumes (≥ 150 min/week) in active older adults had a trend towards significance in leg strength and lower body fat; however, there were no other significant differences between any other outcomes; (3) higher dietary protein intakes (≥ 1.2 g/kg BM/day) was linked with lower FM and body weight compared with lower protein intakes (< 0.8 g/kg BM/day); and (4) significant differences in body composition, strength, and power outcomes exist between male and female active older participants. There are many cross-sectional studies that examine some of these outcome measures in either community dwellers or frail and institutionalised older adults [ 43 ]. However, the current study is the first to comprehensively explore these prospective relationships in a cohort of active older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Exploration

et al. 2021

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Background Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/performance in active older adults. Fifty-four active older adults were recruited from this trial and grouped according to age (middle aged: 50–59 years, and older age: ≥ 60 years), exercise volume (low: ≥ 90–149 min/week, moderate: ≥ 150–299 min/week, and high: ≥ 300 min/week), protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥ 0.8–1.19g /kg BM, and high: ≥ 1.2 g/kg BM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a general linear model (ANCOVA) or an independent t test was used to determine between group differences. Results Fifty three of the total participants’ data were analysed. The middle-aged group had 18%, 11%, and 10% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older-aged group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between different levels of training volume and any of the outcomes. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (p = .005) and a trend towards a higher leg press (p = .053) and higher relative power (W/kg) (p = .056) compared with the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes except for gait speed (p = .611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .147). Conclusions Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults. The preprint version of this work is available on Research Square: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-51873/v1. Trial Registration This trial is registered in the ANZCTR.org.au, no. ACTRN12618001088235 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375286).

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“…Given that few studies have related muscle power to nutrition [22,63], our results provide valuable evidence of this relationship and may inform new lines of research in which the variable of muscle power could be analyzed in order to ascertain the role that muscle power might play in the nutritional status of institutionalized older individuals. The link between physical activity and nutritional status is well-established as is the effect these two factors can have on the most prevalent problems in the older population such as sarcopenia, frailty, dependence, loss of functionality, and, ultimately, a decreased quality of life [64][65][66][67]. This is reflected in a recent meta-analysis where 26 different interventions were compared in older adults with sarcopenia using physical activity alone, nutrition alone, or a combination of both [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nutritional Status of Long-Term Institutionalized Older Adults Is Associated with Functional Status, Physical Performance and Activity, and Frailty

et al. 2021

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Among older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNHs), maintaining an adequate functional status and independence is a challenge. Whilst a poor nutritional status is a potential risk factor for a decreased function in this population, its role is not fully understood. Here, using a transversal multicenter study of 105 older adults living in 13 LTNHs, we analyzed the associations between nutritional status, as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and the parameters of functional status, physical performance, physical activity, and frailty as well as comorbidity and body composition. The MNA scores were positively correlated with the Barthel Index, handgrip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores, absolute muscle power, and Assessment of Physical Activity in Frail Older People (APAFOP) scores and were negatively correlated with dynamic balance and frailty. In a multiple linear regression model controlling for gender and age, the APAFOP score (β = 0.386), BMI (β = 0.301), and Barthel Index (β = 0.220) explained 31% of the variance in the MNA score. Given the observed close relationship between the MNA score and functional status, physical performance and activity, and frailty, interventions should jointly target improvements in both the nutritional status and functional status of LTNH residents. Strategies designed and implemented by interdisciplinary professional teams may be the most successful in improving these parameters to lead to better health and quality of life.

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Nutrition interventions implemented in hospital to lower risk of sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Exploration.

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Exploration.

Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Exploration

The Nutritional Status of Long-Term Institutionalized Older Adults Is Associated with Functional Status, Physical Performance and Activity, and Frailty

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