Nutrition of the pregnant ewe and its effect on gestation length, lamb birth weight and lamb survival

Holst, PJ; Killeen, ID; Cullis, Brian R

doi:10.1071/ar9860647

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Diversos pesquisadores relataram redução do peso ao nascer em cordeiros filhos de ovelhas submetidas à restrição de energia ou proteína durante a metade e/ou final da gestação (Robinson, 1982;Holst et al, 1986;Silveira et al, 1992;Sibbald & Davidson, 1998) De acordo com Ferrel (1992), o peso ao nascer dos cordeiros pode ser reduzido 30% em média, como conseqüên-cia da restrição alimentar imposta às ovelhas durante o terço final da gestação. Neste trabalho, constatou-se redução de 34,66% no peso ao nascer dos cordeiros da restrição pré-natal em relação aos cordeiros do grupo controle.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame

Geraseev

Pérez

Carvalho³

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame. Foram utilizados 68 cordeiros machos, divididos em três grupos: restrição pré-natal, restrição pós-natal e nenhum tipo de restrição (controle). O peso ao nascer dos animais dos grupos controle (4,628 kg) e RPOS (4,421 kg) foram semelhantes e superiores ao do grupo RPRE (3,024 kg). Os consumos médios de sucedâneo foram de 1,308; 0,957 e 0,952 litros/dia para os grupos controle, RPOS e RPRE, respectivamente. Os cordeiros sob restrição alimentar apresentaram consumo inferior aos do grupo controle, em razão do controle imposto aos animais RPOS e do menor tamanho do trato gastrintestinal dos animais RPRE. Os ganhos de peso médios dos cordeiros durante a fase de aleitamento foram de 200 g/dia (controle), 162 g/dia (RPRE) e 153 g/dia (RPOS). O maior ganho de peso dos cordeiros do grupo controle resultou em maior peso ao desmame (17,12 kg) em comparação aos cordeiros RPOS (14,15 kg) e RPRE (13,00 kg). O desempenho inferior dos cordeiros RPRE em relação aos do grupo controle indica que estes animais não compensaram a restrição imposta durante a fase pré-natal, o que resultou em comprometimento do crescimento pós-natal e, conseqüen-temente, em menor peso ao desmame.Palavras-chave: nutrição pós-natal, nutrição pré-natal, ovinos, restrição alimentar Effects of pre and postnatal feed restriction on growth and production of Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaningABSTRACT -This trial was conducted to study the effects of pre and postnatal feed restriction on growth and production of Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaning. Sixty-eight lambs were assigned to three treatments as follows: prenatal feed restriction (PRER), postnatal feed restriction (POSTR), and no feed restriction (Control). Average birth body weight of lambs on Control (4.628 kg) and POSTR (4.421 kg) treatments were similar but higher than that of animals on PRER (3.024 kg). Milk replacer intake averaged 1.308, 0.957, and 0.952 L/d on Control, POSTR, and PRER treatments, respectively. The lower intake of feedrestricted lambs may be explained by the imposed restriction on POSTR animals and the lower size of the gastrointestinal tract of lambs on PRER group. Daily weight gain during the milking period averaged 200, 162, and 153 g/d for Control, PRER, and POSTR, respectively. The greater daily weight gain of animals with no feed restriction led to higher body weight at weaning (17.12 kg) compared to POSTR (14.15 kg) and PRER (13.00 kg) treatments. Lower production of lambs on PRER compared to Control treatment indicated that PRER animals were not able to compensate the imposed restriction compromising postnatal growth, which resulted in lower body weight at weaning.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame

Geraseev

Pérez

Carvalho³

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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show abstract

“…The reduced incidence of mortality observed may be associated with the longer gestation length observed for ewes on the low plane of nutrition during early pregnancy as this may have resulted in a physiologically more mature lamb at parturition than high plane lambs, although they had similar birth weights. Gestation length reductions have been described previously by Holst et al (1986) and Wallace et al (2005); however, these authors imposed their nutritional treatments only during mid-pregnancy or throughout gestation, respectively. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plane of nutrition during early and mid-pregnancy on the performance of mature ewes and their offspring. From day 0 to day 39 post mating (early pregnancy, EP), 82 multiparous ewes were fed to provide either 60% (low, L), 100% (medium, M) or 200% (high, H) of predicted metabolisable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance, following a synchronised mating. From day 40 to day 90 (mid-pregnancy, MP), ewes were provided with either 80% (M) or 140% (H) of ME requirements. After 90 days of gestation, all ewes were fed to meet requirements for late pregnancy. During EP, mean live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) change of ewes were 26.3, 20.8 and 16.0 kg and 20.02, 10.10 and 10.22 units in the L-, M-and H-EP treatments, respectively. During MP, mean LW and BCS change were 20.8 and 14.9 kg and 20.09 and 10.09 units in the M-and H-MP treatments, respectively (P , 0.001). Treatments had no effect (P . 0.05) on conception rate, although there tended to be an inverse relationship (P 5 0.085) between plane of nutrition in EP and plasma progesterone concentrations at day 42 of gestation. EP nutrition influenced foetal development with lambs from ewes offered diet L-EP being smaller (P , 0.01) at day 56 than M-or H-EP lambs. However, at parturition L-EP lambs were heavier (P , 0.05) and tended to have higher (P 5 0.056) immunoglobulin status 24 h after birth. Mortality rates at weaning were reduced (P , 0.05) for lambs born from ewes offered diet L-EP compared with M-or H-EP lambs. Diet M during mid-pregnancy resulted in larger (P , 0.05) foetuses at day 80 of gestation. At parturition, these lambs had longer head and crown-rump lengths than H-MP lambs (P , 0.05). Lambs born to ewes offered diet M-MP tended to progress faster to attempting to suckle than H-MP lambs (P 5 0.089). There was an interaction between plane of nutrition in early and mid-pregnancy, whereby the highest number of lambs weaned was a result of diet L-EP followed by diet M-MP. These results indicate that in adult ewes, temporary nutrient restriction during early pregnancy results in better lamb survival; and mild nutrient restriction in mid-pregnancy tends to improve neonatal behaviour and results in lambs with longer skeletal size.

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“…Reduced lamb survival following maternal undernutrition during pregnancy has been previously described (Vincent et al, 1985;Holst et al, 1986;Hinch et al, 1996) and it may be related to different factors Nutrition provided: low (L), medium (M) or high (H) as compared to predicted metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance. Mean estimates and estimated standard errors (e.s.e.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plane of nutrition of 1- and 2-year-old ewes in early and mid-pregnancy on ewe reproduction and offspring performance up to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of plane of nutrition in early pregnancy (EP) and mid-pregnancy (MP), on the productive performance of 1-and 2-year-old ewes and their offspring. Over 2 successive years, between days 0 and 39 after synchronized mating (EP), 1-(n 5 117) and 2-(n 5 52) year-old ewes were allowed 60% (low, L-EP), 100% (medium, M-EP) or 200% (high, H-EP) of requirements for maintenance (M). Between days 40 and 90 (MP), 1-year-old ewes were allowed 140% (M-MP) or 200% (H-MP), while 2-year-old ewes were allowed 80% (M-MP) or 140% (H-MP) of their M requirement. After day 90, all ewes were fed to meet requirements for late pregnancy. Increasing the plane of nutrition between days 0 and 39 resulted in increases in live weight (LW) ( P , 0.001) and body condition score (BCS) ( P , 0.001) during the EP period (H-EP . M-EP . L-EP), differences that in 1-year-old ewes were sustained to lambing ( P , 0.05). On day 42 of gestation H-EP ewes had lower plasma progesterone concentrations than L-EP or M-EP ewes in 1-( P , 0.01) and 2-( P , 0.001) year olds. This was concomitant with diet H-EP tending to reduce the number of lambs born per ewe in both age groups ( P 5 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Foetuses from 1-year-old L-EP ewes had smaller cranial ( P , 0.01) and abdominal ( P , 0.05) diameters at day 53 of gestation, with H-EP lambs tending to be heaviest at birth ( P 5 0.07). Similar findings were recorded for 2-year-old ewes. One-year-old ewes offered diet L-EP presented negative maternal behaviours more frequently ( P , 0.05), while the incidence of lamb mortality at 6 weeks tended to be greater for L-EP lambs ( P 5 0.07). In MP, 1-year-old ewes offered diet M-MP were associated with foetuses with bigger abdominal diameters at day 78 ( P , 0.05). However, there were no differences in lamb weight or size at term ( P . 0.05). These ewes exhibited more positive maternal behaviours (e.g. increased grooming frequency and duration; P , 0.05) than ewes offered diet H-MP, and their offspring were more successful in suckling ( P , 0.05). Results suggest that in young ewes, a temporary nutrient restriction in EP resulted in increased prolificacy. However, ewes and their offspring were lighter at birth and ewe maternal behaviour was poorer, resulting in increased lamb mortality. In MP, a medium plane of nutrition offered to 1-year-old ewes led to improved maternal and offspring behaviour.

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Nutrition of the pregnant ewe and its effect on gestation length, lamb birth weight and lamb survival

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Effect of plane of nutrition of 1- and 2-year-old ewes in early and mid-pregnancy on ewe reproduction and offspring performance up to weaning

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