Nutrition Related Hormonal Changes in Obese Children.

Yasunaga, Toru; Furukawa, Susumu; Katsumata, Noriyuki; Horikawa, Reiko; Tanaka, Toshiaki; Tanae, Ayako; Hibi, Itsuro

doi:10.1507/endocrj.45.221

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The result could also be seen in light of those from other studies, i.e. the BMI is positively correlated with serum IGF-I levels (16), and BMI is also positively correlated with the level of fasting serum insulin (19), which is suggested to play a key role in human growth, both directly and through increased free IGF-I secretion (20).…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

BMI in Childhood and Its Association with Height Gain, Timing of Puberty, and Final Height

2001

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No large population-based study has addressed the question of how overnutrition is related to subsequent height gain in childhood, timing of puberty, and final height. The present data represent a large Swedish population-based longitudinal growth study. Height gain in childhood, timing of reaching peak height velocity and height gain during adolescence, and final height were regarded as the short-term, interim, and long-term outcomes of childhood nutritional status, i.e. body mass index (BMI) change between 2 and 8 y. Midparental height was adjusted as the genetic influence on linear growth of the child. Childhood BMI gain was related to an increased height gain during the same period, i.e. an increase of 1 BMI unit was associated with an increase in height of 0.23 cm in boys and 0.29 cm in girls. A higher BMI gain in childhood was related to an earlier onset of puberty; the impact on the timing of puberty was 0.6 y in boys and 0.7 y in girls. Each increased unit of BMI gain in childhood also reduced the height gain in adolescence, 0.88 cm for boys and 0.51 cm for girls. No direct correlation was shown between childhood BMI gain and final height. We conclude that overnutrition between 2 and 8 y of age will not be beneficial from a final height point of view, as the temporary increase in height gain in childhood will be compensated by an earlier pubertal maturity and a subnormal height gain in adolescence. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index PHV, peak height velocity ⌬B8 -2, BMI change between 2 and 8 y of age ⌬HCM8 -2, height gain between 2 and 8 y of age ⌬HCM18 -8, height gain between 8 and 18 y of age It is known that adequate nutrition is needed for normal growth during the pediatric years (1, 2). Some earlier studies of pediatric subjects also seem to support the hypothesis that overnutrition not only produces a normal growth but also accelerates linear growth (3, 4). Earlier studies were based on inpatient or outpatient series, and the number of subjects was relatively small. One study explored the association between obesity and height throughout childhood and adolescence (5); the obese subjects were seen to be taller than average in childhood, whereas during puberty they demonstrated a smaller growth spurt when compared with lean subjects. The series was taken from an obesity clinic, and the follow-up period was relatively short.The objective of this study is to investigate the association between BMI change in childhood, i.e. from 2 to 8 y of age, and gain in height during childhood, the timing of the puberty growth spurt, i.e. the age at PHV during puberty, and final height. The linear growth data were obtained from a population-representative longitudinal growth study of 3650 healthy children born at full-term between 1973 and 1975 in Göteborg, Sweden (6). METHODS Study population.The study subjects were selected from 5111 final grade-school children born in the early 1970s in Göteborg, Sweden, or the surrounding area of the city. The annual birth rate in Göteborg is around 4000 to 5500 newborns in t...

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confidence: 72%

BMI in Childhood and Its Association with Height Gain, Timing of Puberty, and Final Height

2001

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“…Thereby high IGF-1 plasmatic concentrations would be expected in obese people, with a positive correlation between BMI and IGF-1 plasmatic values. Some authors obtained the same results in children [11,28] and adults [18]. In a longitudinal study [29] higher IGF-1 levels in obese children were related to a higher protein intake during infancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

IGF-1 and Its Binding Proteins IGFBP-1 and 3 as Nutritional Markers in Prepubertal Children

Icaya¹,

Fernández²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2000

Ann Nutr Metab

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Objective: To assess the validity of the use of IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 as biochemical markers of nutritional status in prepubertal healthy children. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Healthy children from the Madrid area. Participants: Prepubertal children (aged 7–10 years) with a body mass index (BMI) above the 90th percentile (n = 25) and below the 10th percentile (n = 31) were selected from 2,559 included in the CAENPE study (Food Intake and Nutritional Status in Schoolchildren from Madrid). Results: Overweight children were found to have higher serum levels of IGF-1 (306 ± 162.2 vs. 209 ± 71.2 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and IGFBP-3 (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.9± 0.5 mg/l, p < 0.01) and lower serum levels of IGFBP-1 (4.3 ± 3.9 vs. 13.8 ± 7.4 μg/l, p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation with BMI, for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, and negative correlation for IGFBP-1. No differences in albumin and transferrin concentrations were observed between both groups of children. Conclusion: IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 clearly classify over- and underweight prepubertal children, showing a good correlation with BMI. They can be used as biochemical markers of caloric nutritional status in this population.

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“…Human and animal models of obesity that are not secondary to abnormal melanocortin signalling also exhibit increased linear growth, associated with low GH and normal or high IGFI concentrations. 46,47 Insulin stimulates IGFI synthesis and secretion 48 and it has been proposed that hyperinsulinaemia is responsible for increased growth in children with simple obesity 49 or obesity secondary to MC4-R deficiency. 8 However, since ob/ob mice have increased plasma insulin, yet are short, 17 it seems unlikely that hyperinsulinaemia alone is responsible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of the somatotrophic axis in the obese agouti mouse

et al. 2005

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Objective: Abnormalities of the melanocortin system produce obesity and increased linear growth. While the obesity phenotype is well characterised, the mechanism responsible for increased linear growth is unclear. The somatotrophic axis was studied in the obese agouti (A y /a) mouse as a model of a perturbed melanocortin system. Design: Adult obese A y /a mice were compared to age-and sex-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Weight and body length (nose-anus) were recorded. Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI), insulin and leptin were measured using radioimmunoassay. Since ghrelin is a potent GH secretagogue, plasma ghrelin, stomach ghrelin peptide and stomach ghrelin mRNA expression were studied. Hypothalamic periventricular (PeVN) somatostatin neurones and arcuate (Arc) neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones inhibit the growth axis, whereas Arc growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurones are stimulatory. Therefore, specific hypothalamic expression of somatostatin, NPY and GHRH was measured using quantitative in situ hybridisation. Results: Obese A y /a mice were significantly heavier and longer than WT controls. Plasma IGFI concentrations were 30% greater in obese A y /a mice. Obese A y /a mice were hyperinsulinaemic and hyperleptinaemic, yet plasma ghrelin, and stomach ghrelin peptide and mRNA were significantly reduced. In obese A y /a mice, PeVN somatostatin and Arc NPY mRNA expression were reduced by 50% compared to WT controls, whereas Arc GHRH mRNA expression was unchanged. Conclusion: Increased body length in adult obese A y /a mice may result from reduced Arc NPY and PeVN somatostatin mRNA expression, which in turn, may increase plasma IGFI concentrations and upregulate the somatotrophic axis.

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Nutrition Related Hormonal Changes in Obese Children.

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

BMI in Childhood and Its Association with Height Gain, Timing of Puberty, and Final Height

BMI in Childhood and Its Association with Height Gain, Timing of Puberty, and Final Height

IGF-1 and Its Binding Proteins IGFBP-1 and 3 as Nutritional Markers in Prepubertal Children

Abnormalities of the somatotrophic axis in the obese agouti mouse

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