Nutrition Studies in New Guinea

Luyken, R.; Luyken-koning, F. W. M.; Pikaar, N. A.; Blom, Anne Kristine

doi:10.1093/ajcn/14.1.13

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ruminants excrete benzoic acid almost entirely in the form of its glycine conjugate, hippuric acid (Gupta, 1932;Ringer, 1911 ;Magnus-Levy, 1907). However, this compound is unstable at the high pH (6-8) of normal ruminant urine and decomposes to yield benzoic acid and glycine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the urinary aromatic acids calculated to be derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine were expressed as percentages of the total amounts of benzoic acid excreted in the urine of sheep on each dietary treatment the following values were obtained: CoteIeu (1938) have shown that the urinary excretion of hippuric acid by sheep increased on giving oral doses of quinic acid, the increase being equivalent to 54% of the theoretical maximum that could be derived from quinic acid. It is possible that these compounds may be responsible for a large part of the urinary aromatic acids excreted by ruminants, I n this respect, it may be noted that it has been shown that man, subsisting on an all-vegetarian diet of sweet potato, may excrete between 143 and 225 mg BAE/kgWo75 per 2 4 h (Luyken, Luyken-Koning & Pikaar, 1964). Mosonyi, Oblatt & Surjan (1948) successfully attempted to increase the urinary hippuric acid output of man from normal levels to as high as 2500 mg BAE/kgWo75…”

Section: Aromatic Acid Excretion By Sheep 395 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary excretion of aromatic acids by sheep given diets containing different amounts of protein and roughage

Martin

1969

Br J Nutr

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I . The urinary excretions of total diethyl ether-soluble acids and total aromatic acids of three sheep given maintenance diets containing different proportions of hay, rolled oats and decorticated groundnut meal were determined.2. When the sheep were given the diet containing 70 % rolled oats the excretion of aromatic acids in the urine was less than that observed when the sheep were given diets high in roughage or protein concentrates.3. The amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine were not related to the dietary intakes of crude protein, apparently digestible crude protein, crude fibre, lignin or cellulose. 4.The excretion of comparatively large amounts of aromatic acids in the urine of ruminants is discussed in relation to the smaller amounts normally excreted by non-ruminants. Possible reasons for the failure to observe any relationship between the amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine of the sheep and those constituents of the diets that were investigated are discussed and the nature of other precursors is suggested.Ruminants are generally considered to excrete much larger quantities of aromatic acids in their urine than monogastric animals. For example, work in this laboratory In the experiments now reported, diets containing different proportions of protein, E X P E R I M E N T A LAnimals Three sheep were used, two of which were of the Hampshire breed (I and 2) and the third (3) was of the Kent breed. All were 3-year-old wethers. During the experiment the weights varied slightly. Sheep I weighed between 52.6 and 56.4 kg, sheep 2 between 55.6 and 59.7 kg and sheep 3 between 58.2 and 61.1 kg. DietsFour diets were given to each of the sheep. The same poor-quality hay was used in all the rations. Diet H consisted entirely of hay; diet HO was composed of 70 % rolled oats and 30 yo hay; diet H N was composed of 52 yo hay and 48 yo solvent-extracted decorticated groundnut meal, and diet HON consisted of 51 % of diet HO and 49 yo of solvent-extracted decorticated groundnut meal. The daily intakes of hay, rolled oats and decorticated groundnut meal are given in Table I. I n diets HN and HON 50% of the gross energy was supplied by decorticated groundnut meal.From preliminary experiments in which the apparently digestible energy of the diets was determined, the metabolizable energy content of each diet was calculated (Blaxter et al. 1966). The fasting metabolism of these sheep was known from other experiments and the quantity of each diet required to supply this amount of metabolizable energy was calculated.Each sheep was maintained on each diet for a total of 4 weeks. During the final week of each feeding period, urine was collected by aspiration from a urine funnel attached to the sheep harness (Martin, 1966) into a reservoir containing a mercuric chloridepotassium dichromate preservative (Martin, I 966). Daily collections of faeces were made during this week and daily weights of faeces and urine were recorded and samples were taken for analysis. The feeding sequences were: for sheep no. I

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aromatic Acid Excretion By Sheep 395 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion of aromatic acids by sheep given diets containing different amounts of protein and roughage

Martin

1969

Br J Nutr

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“…Many investigators (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) have reported that the daily protein intake of these people is less than 40g and that most of the dietary protein is derived from customary vegetable foods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on protein nutrition of Papua New Guinea highlanders: Nitrogen balance and hematological studies.

Fujita

Rikimaru

Okuda

et al. 1982

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Many investigators have reported that sweet-potato eaters of Papua New Guinea subsist on a low protein intake, but that they are not malnourished, and also have suggested the possibility that they undergo metabolic adaptation to a low protein intake (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Based on the finding that urea can be utilized during protein deficiency, we postulated that an adaptation to a low protein intake by Papua New Guinea highlanders may be in the form of utilization of the nitrogen of endogenous urea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

Rikimaru

Fujita

Okuda

et al. 1985

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe utilization of urea nitrogen was examined in 10 healthy adult men from a village near Lufa, in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The staple diet of these men was sweet potatoes .[15N]urea was used as tracer for urea released into their intestinal tracts and the utilization of the urea-N was estimated from the trend of 15N. The men were orally given [15N]urea at the beginning of the study and then their daily protein intake, serum protein levels, 15N excretion in the feces and urine, 15N retention in the whole body and 15N incorporation into serum protein were examined.

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Nutrition Studies in New Guinea

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Urinary excretion of aromatic acids by sheep given diets containing different amounts of protein and roughage

Urinary excretion of aromatic acids by sheep given diets containing different amounts of protein and roughage

Studies on protein nutrition of Papua New Guinea highlanders: Nitrogen balance and hematological studies.

Utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

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