Nutritional Adequacy of Commercial Complementary Cereals in Germany

Theurich, Melissa; Koletzko, Berthold; Grote, Veit

doi:10.3390/nu12061590

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The maximum level is regulated; for example, in Europe the iodine content of complementary foods should not exceed 35 µg/100 kcal ( 213 ). However, recent data from Germany suggest commercial complementary cereals are rarely fortified with iodine and are generally poor sources of iodine ( 214 ).…”

Section: Dietary Sources Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Andersson

2021

Endocrine Reviews

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Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.

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Section: Dietary Sources Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Andersson

2021

Endocrine Reviews

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“…Although cereals are usually considered readily available healthy breakfast items, many of these commercially available processed cereals are a source of high sugar [ 24 ]. A research team in Germany found that almost one-third of the commercially available cereals contain added sugars [ 25 ]. Therefore, consumers must check the ingredients and choose the cereals which are more wholesome and contain fiber and dried fruits [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Factors Influencing the Caries Status of Adults in Karachi, Pakistan: Initial Findings

Qureshi

Safdar

Qureshi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Objective: The objective was to identify the relationship between the dietary factors related to increases in the number of dental caries among an adult population group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult patients and their accompanying person, aged 18 years and above (n = 1730) visiting the dental outpatient department (OPD) of a public sector tertiary healthcare institute in Karachi, Pakistan. A 39-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to the patients, followed by a dental caries assessment using Radke’s WHO criteria. Caries assessment data were transformed into the DMFT Index (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled teeth). Factor analysis (FA) was performed using Stata v. 11.0, followed by assessing the internal consistency of the FFQ. Multilogistic analysis was performed to explore the association between dental caries (cut-off = 5) and other independent variables, considering a p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of participants in the group was 32.65 ± 10.49 years. The number of female participants (934; 54%) was higher than male participants (796; 46%). Of the total, 951 (52%) participants were married. The internal consistency value for the FFQ, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.80. In addition to age and gender, out of four dietary patterns, only “cereals” were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased DMFT. Conclusion: This study established that the high intake of cereals is a contributory factor to the high prevalence of dental caries among adults.

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“…As mentioned above, more than half of the evaluated products contained added sugars in different forms (sucrose, brown sugar, glucose, and honey), and the average sugar content was 23.2 g/100 g, being around 24% of the total calories of infant cereals. The sucrose was the most used sweetener, similar to those found in German infant cereals [ 19 ]. Maalouf et al [ 21 ] evaluated the sugar content stated on the label of the USA commercial instant infant cereals (dry) and found an average value of 12 g/100 g, and 12% of products have one source of added sugars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Wheat and rice flours are the main cereals used in infant cereals, depending on whether porridges contain gluten (72.5%) or are gluten-free (27.5%). Four out of 12 brands included some products with whole-grain flours; complementary cereals marketed in Germany have shown that half of the products are formulated with whole-grain flours [ 19 ]. Most brands state in labels that cereals suffer a hydrolysis process; however, label information does not clarify whether companies hydrolyze the cereals in the manufacturing process or if they purchase hydrolyzed cereals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Content and Sources in Commercial Infant Cereals in Spain

2022

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Instant infant cereals reconstituted with infant formula are the first complementary food for most Spanish infants. The main aim is to provide information on sugars in the formulation of infant cereals. Product information was collected from department stores, supermarkets, and pharmacies and completed with data from brand websites. A portion of the samples was selected for total sugars determination using the HPLC and Luff-Schoorl methods. The information regarding a total of 120 milk-free instant infant cereals marketed in Spain from 12 companies was summarized. The mean of total sugars was 23 ± 9 g/100 g (25–42%), providing 24% of the calories. Most of porridges are prepared with partially hydrolyzed flours providing free sugars (glucose and maltose). The most commonly added sugar is sucrose. A total of 43.3% of products contain added sucrose, and 16.7% contain fruits. Infant cereals analyzed with added sugars can have a sugar content similar to that found in products without added sugars. Consistent differences were found in sugars content between assayed methods and this label information. Although the European legislation of infant cereals establishes values for added sugars, the labeling reflects the content of total sugars, but not that of added sugars.

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Nutritional Adequacy of Commercial Complementary Cereals in Germany

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Dietary Factors Influencing the Caries Status of Adults in Karachi, Pakistan: Initial Findings

Sugar Content and Sources in Commercial Infant Cereals in Spain

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