Nutritional Adequacy of Flour Product Enrichment with Iodine-Fortified Plant-Based Products

Abstract

This study assessed the nutritional value of designed vegan flour products (Gnocchi and Ciabatta) by adding iodine-fortified dried vegetables. The KI and KIO3 constituted the sources of iodine. The pumpkin, cauliflower, carrot, broccoli and beetroot were used as a matrix for the iodine applied. The nutritional value was tested based on iodine content and antioxidant activity. The content of thiamine was determined in samples of Ciabatta rolls. The antioxidant activity of Gnocchi dumplings and Ciabatta rolls was analysed before and after heat treatment (baking and cooking) and after storage. It was confirmed that the designed cereal products (Ciabatta rolls and Gnocchi dumplings) with the addition of iodine-fortified dried vegetables are a good source of iodine in the diet and can be used as an element of IDD prevention. Consuming 100 g of Ciabatta rolls (1 pc.) provides coverage of iodine demand at the level of ~6% RDA, while 100 g of Gnocchi dumplings (20 pcs.) provides ~19% RDA. The type of iodine carrier (KI or KIO3) and type of vegetable for iodine introduced into cereal products affect the content of selected nutritional value indicators, such as iodine and thiamine content and antioxidant properties of the product.