Nutritional Alterations in Drug Abusers With and Without HIV

Forrester, Janet E.

doi:10.3844/ajidsp.2006.180.183

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interventions to improve dietary patterns of men in substance-abuse treatment must consider these factors to appropriately address nutritional needs associated with varied addiction and health histories (45) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

Cowan

Devine

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a controlled, 6-week, environmental and educational intervention to improve dietary intake and body composition, and to study the association of implementation fidelity with diet and body composition outcomes. Design: A process evaluation documented participation, dose of nutrition education delivered, participant satisfaction, fidelity and completeness of the food environment intervention implementation, and context through observations and interviews with staff and residents. Intervention sites were scored and categorized as high or low participation and implementation and compared on essential elements of the food environment and on diet and body composition outcomes. Setting: Six urban residential drug-treatment facilities in Upstate New York. Subjects: Fifty-five primarily black and white men in residential drug-treatment programmes. Results: Participants were exposed to 94 % and 69 % of the educational and environmental elements, respectively. High implementation sites were significantly more likely to provide water and 100 % juice, offer fruit or vegetable salad, offer choices of fruits and vegetables, and limit fried foods. Mixed-model analysis of covariance revealed that participants in the high participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in total energy, percentage of energy from sweets, daily servings of fats, oils and sweets, and BMI over the intervention period. Participants in low participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in percentage of energy from fat. Differential implementation of environmental elements limited the intervention impact. Conclusions: These findings document the contribution of changes in eating environments to facilitate dietary behaviour change in community residential substance-abuse settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

Cowan

Devine

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…This might be due to life-style factors and comorbidities associated with long-term opioid consumption such as smoking [4,7], alcohol intake [8][9][10], advanced liver disease and cirrhosis [11][12][13][14], and low body-mass index or malnutrition [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density and its determinants in men with opioid dependence

et al. 2016

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Data on the influence of opioid substitution therapy (OST) on skeletal health in men is limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of low bone mass in male drug users and to evaluate the relationship between endogenous testosterone and bone mass. We recruited 144 men on long-term opioid maintenance therapy followed in the Center of Addiction Medicine in Basel, Switzerland. Data on medical and drug history, fracture risk and history of falls were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by densitometry and serum was collected for measurements of gonadal hormones and bone markers. 35 healthy age- and BMI-matched men served as the control group. The study participants received OST with methadone (69 %), morphine (25 %) or buprenorphine (6 %). Overall, 74.3 % of men had low bone mass, with comparable bone mass irrespective of OST type. In older men (≥40 years, n = 106), 29.2 % of individuals were osteoporotic (mean T-score -3.0 ± 0.4 SD) and 48.1 % were diagnosed with osteopenia (mean T-score -1.7 ± 0.4 SD). In younger men (n = 38), 65.8 % of men had low bone mass. In all age groups, BMD was significantly lower than in age-and BMI-matched controls. In multivariate analyses, serum free testosterone (fT) was significantly associated with low BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0.02), but not at the hip. When analysed by quartiles of fT, lumbar spine BMD decreased progressively with decreasing testosterone levels. We conclude that low bone mass is highly prevalent in middle-aged men on long-term opioid dependency, a finding which may partly be determined by partial androgen deficiency.

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“…As a group, drug users report lower intakes of multiple nutrients such as vitamin A, iron, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and calcium; exhibit varying degrees of weight loss and wasting; and present with increased clinical signs of protein-energy deficiency than their non-drug-using counterparts (Forrester, 2006). Malnutrition ultimately leaves substance abusers vulnerable to an increased risk of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/ AIDS (Jason, Davis, Ferrari, & Bishop, 2001).…”

Section: Individual Factors Hiv and Substance Abuse Symptomologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Nutritional Health Outcomes of African American Women with HIV and Substance Abuse Disorders Using a Socioecological Approach

Mahadevan

Ruzsilla

2012

Sage Open

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It is well established that poor nutritional status leaves HIV-positive substance abusers especially vulnerable to an increased risk of opportunistic infections and other illnesses. Socioecological frameworks have been useful for identifying multiple influences on health risks, leading to the development and evaluation of promising community-based interventions for diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This article presents a conceptual model, based on the socioecological approach, to examine the mechanisms and pathways by which the various contextual factors unique to HIV-positive African American women with substance abuse disorders intersect to impact their nutritional health outcomes. The mediating effects of the interpersonal, environmental, and psychological factors on the direct links between disease symptomology, demographic and socioeconomic variables, and nutritional health are emphasized. The long-term goal is to provide the empirical foundation necessary to design targeted interventions that meet the unique personal, social, and familial needs of this population with multiple vulnerabilities.

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Nutritional Alterations in Drug Abusers With and Without HIV

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

Bone mineral density and its determinants in men with opioid dependence

Assessing the Nutritional Health Outcomes of African American Women with HIV and Substance Abuse Disorders Using a Socioecological Approach

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