“…[7][8][9] It has been widely used in different areas such as pharmaceuticals in drug delivery, tissue engineering, waste water treatment, biotechnology, cosmetics and food processing. [10][11][12][13] The aim of this study was to extract chitosan from discarded snail shells, characterize and use it as disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan.…”
The aim of the work was to characterize chitosan extracted from snail shell and evaluate its use as a disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan (SC). The mechanical properties were assessed using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The extracted chitosan (EC) was crystalline in nature and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polygonal particles with rough surface. The moisture and swelling capacity was 1.80% and 15.00%, respectively. The densities and flow properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the SC. As a binder, the crushing strength of formulations containing EC was higher than SC, but both formulation failed friability test. There was significant difference between the disintegration times of the metronidazole formulations containing EC and SC as a disintegrant. The result showed that EC is more effective as a binder in tablet formulations.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 31-39, 2021 (June)
“…[7][8][9] It has been widely used in different areas such as pharmaceuticals in drug delivery, tissue engineering, waste water treatment, biotechnology, cosmetics and food processing. [10][11][12][13] The aim of this study was to extract chitosan from discarded snail shells, characterize and use it as disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan.…”
The aim of the work was to characterize chitosan extracted from snail shell and evaluate its use as a disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan (SC). The mechanical properties were assessed using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The extracted chitosan (EC) was crystalline in nature and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polygonal particles with rough surface. The moisture and swelling capacity was 1.80% and 15.00%, respectively. The densities and flow properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the SC. As a binder, the crushing strength of formulations containing EC was higher than SC, but both formulation failed friability test. There was significant difference between the disintegration times of the metronidazole formulations containing EC and SC as a disintegrant. The result showed that EC is more effective as a binder in tablet formulations.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 31-39, 2021 (June)
“… 124 , 125 Chitin polymer can be called chitosan when the degree of deacetylation (DD) exceeds 50%. 126 Both chitin and chitosan have attracted tremendous attention in various fields, such as food technology, 31 textile industry, 127 and diverse medical and pharmaceutical applications including wound healing, 32 tissue engineering 33 and gene delivery. 34 Figure 3 Schematic illustration of the interaction between chitosan loaded nanoparticles with the mucus layer.…”
Section: Chitosan and Its Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…123 Chitosan, the partially deacetylated form of chitin, can be obtained by chitin deacetylase enzyme or chemical alkaline treatment using concentrating NaOH as shown in (Figure 2). 124,125 Chitin polymer can be called chitosan when the degree 126 Both chitin and chitosan have attracted tremendous attention in various fields, such as food technology, 31 textile industry, 127 and diverse medical and pharmaceutical applications including wound healing, 32 tissue engineering 33 and gene delivery. 34 Unlike chitin, chitosan is readily soluble at pH below its pKa (pKa≈6.5) ascribing to the protonation of its amino group (-NH 2 ) at C-2 in each repeating D-glucosamine unit turning the chitosan into a cationic polymer.…”
Section: Chitosan and Its Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 30 Chitosan is a natural polymer obtained from chitin, the second most abundant naturally occurring polymer following cellulose. Both chitin and chitosan are extensively used in several applications such as food technology 31 and medical and pharmaceutical applications including wound healing, 32 tissue engineering 33 and gene delivery. 34 Chitosan has been formulated into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) with attracted features especially in ocular and oral delivery.…”
As per the WHO, colorectal cancer (CRC) caused around 935,173 deaths worldwide in 2020 in both sexes and at all ages. The available anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and anticancer drugs are all associated with limited therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects and low chances. This has urged to emerge several novel therapeutic agents as potential therapies for CRC including synthetic and natural materials. Orally administrable and targeted drug delivery systems are attractive strategies for CRC therapy as they minimize the side effects, enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, oral drug delivery till today faces several challenges like poor drug solubility, stability, and permeability. Various oral nano-based approaches and targeted drug delivery systems have been developed recently, as a result of the ability of nanoparticles to control the release of the encapsulant, drug targeting and reduce the number of dosages administered. The unique physicochemical properties of chitosan polymer assist to overcome oral drug delivery barriers and target the colon tumour cells. Chitosan-based nanocarriers offered additional improvements by enhancing the stability, targeting and bioavailability of several anti-colorectal cancer agents. Modified chitosan derivatives also facilitated CRC targeting through strengthening the protection of encapsulant against acidic and enzyme degradation of gastrointestinal track (GIT). This review aims to provide an overview of CRC pathology, therapy and the barriers against oral drug delivery. It also emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in oral drug targeted delivery system and the growing interest towards chitosan and its derivatives. The present review summarizes the relevant works to date that have studied the potential applications of chitosan-based nanocarrier towards CRC treatment.
“…Despite the promising and evidenced utilization of Chitosan in paper-sizing [ 1 ], the food industry [ 2 ], pharmaceuticals, Veterinary medicine [ 3 , 4 ] medicine [ 5 , 6 ], separation processes [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], and energy systems such as fuel cells [ 10 , 11 ], and at different application sizes such as the Nano and micro scales [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], as well as in the area of molecular imprinting [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], its extensive use in a diversified industrial economy has been limited due to its hydrophilic nature and narrow application temperature tolerance.…”
This study reports the feasible use of chitosan as a thin film biosensor on the very sensitive quartz crystal micro balance system for detection of blends of multiple templates within a single matrix. The development of chitosan-based thin film materials with selectivity for nicotine derivatives is described. The molecular imprinting of a combination of nicotine derivatives in N-diacryloyl pipiradine-chitosan-methacrylic acid copolymer films on quartz crystal resonators was used to generate thin films with selectivity for nicotine and a range of nicotine analogues, particularly 3-phenylpyridine. The polymers were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic evaluations; surface area, pore size, pore volume using Breuner-Emmet-Teller method. Temperature characteristics were also studied. The swelling and structure consistency of the Chitosan was achieved by grafting with methylmethacrylic acid and cross-linking with N-diacrylol pipiradine. A blend of 0.002 g (0.04 mmol) of Chitosan, 8.5 μL Methylmethacrylic Acid and 1.0 mg N-diacrylol pipradine (BAP) presented the best blend formulation. Detections were made within a time interval of 99 sec, and blend templates were detected at a concentration of 0.5 mM from the Quartz crystal microbalance resonator analysis. The successful crosslinking of the biopolymers ensured successful control of the swelling and agglomeration of the chitosan, giving it the utility potential for use as thin film sensor. This successful crosslinking also created successful dual multiple templating on the chitosan matrix, even for aerosolized templates. The products can be used in environments with temperature ranges between 60 °C and 250 °C.
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