Nutritional and bioactive characteristics of Ayocote bean (Phaseolus coccienus L.): An underutilized legume harvested in Mexico

Abstract

Nutritional composition, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of the four Mexican varieties of Ayocote beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) were studied. Ayocote beans were found to be a promising source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibre and minerals. Sucrose (55.6-62.2 g/kg) and stachyose (24-24.4 g/kg) were considered as the major sugar and oligosaccharide, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid (32.2 to 35.8 g/kg), while cysteine was present at the lowest concentration (2.3-2.4 g/100 kg). Purple variety contains the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (2075.9 mg GAE/kg), total flavonoids (1612.9 mg QE/kg) and total anthocyanins (1193.2 mg CGE/kg). This variety also exhibited the most effective antioxidant activities, which were evaluated by DPPH (17,040 µmol TE/kg) and ORAC (51,620 µmol TE/kg). The results obtained reveal a high potential for wider use of Ayocote bean as a remarkable source of bioactive compounds and health-promoting food.Características nutricionales y bioactivas del frijol Ayocote (Phaseolus coccienus L.): una leguminosa subutilizada cultivada en México RESUMEN Se estudiaron la composición nutricional, contenido de compuestos fenólicos y propiedades antioxidantes de cuatro variedades de Ayocote (Phaseolus coccineus L.) mexicano. Dicho cultivo mostró ser una buena fuente de proteínas, carbohidratos, fibra y minerales. La sacarosa (55.6-62.2 g/kg) y estaquiosa (24-24.4 g/kg) se identificaron como los principales azúcar y oligosacárido, respectivamente. En cuanto a aminoácidos, el ácido glutámico (32.2-35.8 g/kg) y la cisteína (2075.9 mg GAE/kg), son el de mayor y menor abundancia, respectivamente. En la variedad morada se cuantificaron las mayores concentraciones de compuestos fenólicos totales (2075.9 mg GAE/kg), flavonoides totales (1612.9 mg QE/kg) y antocianinas totales (1193.2 mg CGE/kg), así como presentar la mayor actividad antioxidante evaluándose por DPPH (17,040 µmol TE/kg) y ORAC (5162 µmol TE/kg). Los resultados obtenidos revelan un alto potencial para un uso más amplio del frijol Ayocote como una fuente prometedora de compuestos bioactivos y alimentos que promueven la salud. ARTICLE HISTORY

Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Antinutritional Content of Legumes: A Comparison between Four Phaseolus Species

“…The species that showed significant differences were P. coccineus and P. polyanthus with P. lunatus, and with P. vulgaris (Figure 3). Similar results were reported when P. coccineus accessions were compared with P. vulgaris accessions, where a higher concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and even higher antioxidant activity was found in the accessions exhibiting purple, black, and brown colors [18,21].…”

“…Meanwhile, the CH-16 accession has 2.4% less protein than another purple variety (21.9%) of P. coccineus [17]. In addition to the variation between species and between varieties of the same species, other factors such as fertilizer use, agricultural practices, and soil-climate characteristics of cultivation sites can influence the protein content of bean seeds [17,18].…”

“…Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) test was carried out [ 16 , 18 ]. Quantification of the flavonoid content was expressed as quercetin equivalents per gram of bean flour (mg QE/g dw) by mixing 50 µL of each sample, 700 µL of deionized water, and 250 µL of AlCl 3 [133 mg of AlCl 3 and 400 mg of sodium acetate in 100 mL of methanol-water-acetic acid (140:50:10 v / v / v )].…”

Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds and Functional Evaluation of Various Parts of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp

“…Legumes, a major food of the human diet, may contribute to some of the health benefits associated with this eating pattern. Their health benefits include a low saturated fat content, high content of essential nutrients, richness in important micronutrients (including potassium, magnesium, folate, iron, and zinc) [20] and bioactive compounds [21]. They are responsible for different antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities, etc.…”

“…They are responsible for different antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities, etc. [21]. Previous studied have reported that sprouts, leaves and seeds of soybean and mung bean contain high amounts of crude proteins, amino acids, lipids and minerals [22][23][24].…”