Nutritional and Dysphagia Services for Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease

Swallowing Dysfunction and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review of the Evidence

“…Four commentaries covered a wide array of topics associated with dysphagia and support the following conclusions:…”

“…Although published 12 years apart, these reviews came to similar conclusions; dysphagia may occur early in AD, although studies investigating prevalence, assessment, management, and treatment of dysphagia in individuals with dementia are lacking; the existing literature is heterogeneous in design, methodology, type of assessment, and outcomes. 44,45 Commentaries Four commentaries [46][47][48][49] covered a wide array of topics associated with dysphagia and support the following conclusions:…”

“…One author 47 reported that dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia are severe and growing issues in the AD population. One group 48 cited mealtime strategies and caregiver education as useful management strategies for AD. Another group 49 noted that diminishing cognitive function results in neglect of oral hygiene, leading to greater prevalence of dental problems; reduced submandibular salivary flow increased the risk of gingivitis; tooth decay; oral infection; and dysfunctional speech, chewing, and swallowing.…”

Use of the ICF in Dysphagia Management

“…The effects of the environment on patients with dementia and dysphagia have been investigated. 15,16 Changes in lighting (e240) or level of sound in room (e250) as well as the level of support from family (e310 and 315), personal care providers (e340), and health professionals (e360) can make the difference between living successfully with dysphagia and dire physical and social consequences.…”