Nutritional and Hygienic Quality of Raw Milk in the Mid-Northern Region of Algeria: Correlations and Risk Factors

Abstract

This paper aims to study the overall quality of raw milk in the mid-northern region of Algeria. The analysis results showed a decrease in the average temperature for the delivery of 1,54°C with P<0.001. However, no significant variation (P>0.05) was observed in almost all the physical and nutritional parameters studied (pH, fat content, and protein content) between M1 and M2. The average contamination by total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), coliforms, yeasts, molds, and different pathogens in samples taken at M1 showed significant changes at M2. This was confirmed by the decrease of reduction time of methylene blue (RTMB), about 54%. The variation was described as follows: (P>0.05) for yeasts and (P<0.05) for molds in M1 and M2, (P<0.05) for TMAB in M1, and (P<0.001) for TC, FC, and TMAB in M2. The analysis for the detection of Salmonella spp. showed no contamination in all samples tested, while antibiotic residues were detected in 35% of milks delivered. In conclusion, several risk factors have been identified in this study, namely, the effect of the season and the distance between the farm and the dairy unit.

Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria

“…In our study, the S. aureus contamination rate of raw milk was lower than previously observed in Algeria by Adjalne-Kaouche et al (2014); these authors reported a prevalence of 33.3 and 56.7% in raw milk samples collected at farms and dairy units, respectively. Moreover, Chaalal et al (2018) described a S. aureus prevalence of 32.6 and 9.1% in raw milk and pasteurized milk samples, respectively.…”

Hygiene practices and awareness regarding Milk borne diseases (MBD) among dairy workers in unorganized urban settings of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

“…Belay and Geert (2015) reported 96.3% dairy farmers practising udder wash prior to milking (12) while another study reports that 50% respondents practised regular udder washing before milking in Karnataka (11) and 62% washed udder only after milking in Kerala (32). Hygiene practice during milk storage: In the present study, none of the small scale dairy households had milk tanks for storage unlike finding of a study which reports 67% having milk tanks (33). The milk was being stored in buckets in all the dairy households taken up in our study, similar to other studies (11,13,29,34).…”

Bacteriological quality and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from raw milk in dairy farms in Ethiopia

“…Lower incidence also reported in Algeria, there was no Salmonella detected in their study 34 . Similar to this in Turkey also Salmonella was not isolated although they use Maldi-toff machine for isolation of foodborne pathogens 46 The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk will indicate potential health hazard due to consumption of raw milk 47 .…”

“…The TC count indicate presence of indicator bacteria from organic matter, and environment per ml of sample, in the current study the mean TC count was 2.7 log10 cfu/ml, but according to the ESA the recommended TC limit was < 3log10 CFU/mL or 1000 but majority tested samples lie in acceptable range, the results of total coliform count, indicate poor quality of raw milk, this ndings are slightly lower than a study conducted in Eastern wollega Ethiopia ( 3.14 log10 cfu/ml ) [67], in Algeria (4.6 log10 cfu/ml ) 34 , and in Namibia (3.4 log10 cfu/ml0 35 .…”