Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function

Tidmas, Victoria; Brazier, Jon; Hawkins, J. B.; Forbes, Scott C.; Bottoms, Lindsay; Farrington, Ken

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074288

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The lack of adequate patient history reporting is demonstrated in the literature examining kidney disease in bodybuilders. A 2022 systematic review identified 13 papers (case studies and case series) which describe acute or chronic kidney injury or disease in a total of 75 bodybuilders [ 168 ]. Across studies, there is inconsistent reporting of protein intake and history of AAS, vitamins (and other supplements), diuretics, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.…”

Section: Challenges Of Identifying Primary Risk Factors In Bodybuildersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

2023

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Premature deaths in bodybuilders regularly make headlines and are cited as evidence that bodybuilding is a dangerous activity. A wealth of research has revealed elite athletes typically enjoy lower mortality rates than non-athletes, but research on bodybuilder lifespan is surprisingly limited. Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is commonly cited as a key contributor to morbidity and premature mortality in bodybuilders, but this area of research is highly nuanced and influenced by numerous confounders unique to bodybuilding. It is quite possible that bodybuilders are at elevated risk and that AAS use is the primary reason for this, but there remains much unknown in this realm. As global participation in bodybuilding increases, and healthcare providers play a more active role in monitoring bodybuilder health, there is a need to identify how numerous factors associated with bodybuilding ultimately influence short- and long-term health and mortality rate. In this Current Opinion, we discuss what is currently known about the bodybuilder lifespan, identify the nuances of the literature regarding bodybuilder health and AAS use, and provide recommendations for future research on this topic.

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Section: Challenges Of Identifying Primary Risk Factors In Bodybuildersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

2023

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“…Alguns fatores interferem nos valores de creatinina, tais como a idade, o sexo, a alimentação, o estado de saúde e a prática de exercícios físicos. (Dusse et al, 2017;Tidmas et al, 2022;Oh, 2020) A ureia não é um biomarcador sensível para avaliar filtração renal, visto que entre 40-70% retorna para o plasma sanguíneo através de difusão passiva tubular, dependente do fluxo de urina. Quando seus níveis estão aumentados na corrente sanguínea, tem-se a chamada azotemia ou uremia.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Principais biomarcadores de lesão renal em usuários de anabolizantes: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Araujo

Ferreira

Prado

et al. 2022

RSD

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Introdução: O hábito de realizar exercícios físicos contribui para um estilo de vida saudável. Muitos praticantes de musculação e outros esportes optam pela utilização de esteroides anabolizantes sintéticos para melhorar a força física e hipertrofia muscular. No entanto, estes prejudicam a saúde do usuário, estando relacionados a lesões renais, que podem ser detectadas a partir de dosagem de biomarcadores. Objetivo: identificar quais os principais biomarcadores que sinalizam lesão renal por abuso de anabolizantes exógenos. Metodologia: Buscou-se nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMED e LILACS pelos descritores “anabolizantes”, “biomarcadores”, “lesão renal aguda” e “rins”, buscando-se também em inglês “anabolic steroids”, “biomarkers”, “acute kidney injury” e “kidney”, juntamente com o termo booleano AND. Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, em idioma inglês, português ou espanhol, cujo assunto fosse sobre alterações nos biomarcadores renais causadas por anabolizantes. Foram excluídos artigos duplicados, incompletos ou pagos, que não tratassem sobre biomarcadores renais ou que fugissem ao tema. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 15 artigos, sendo a maioria relato de caso e revisão de literatura. Os esteroides anabolizantes mais descritos na literatura foram a testosterona e o estanozolol, chamados de AAS quando usados em conjunto. As lesões renais estiveram intimamente interligadas a disfunções hepáticas, sendo que os principais biomarcadores renais alterados foram a creatinina e a ureia. Considerações Finais: Apesar da creatinina e da ureia serem os biomarcadores mais utilizados para detectar injúrias renais, não apresentam alta sensibilidade. Por isso, novos biomarcadores estão sendo estudados a fim de melhorar o diagnóstico e o prognóstico de lesões renais.

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“…However, dehydration and sodium depletion resulting from fluid restriction is dangerous for training performance. 33 Psychologically, men with MD who do weight training non-professionally or non-competitively tend to yearn for approval or recognition for their appearance instead of their performance. 34 Body dissatisfaction, monitoring, and awareness are associated with irrational thoughts, perceptual distortion, and negative influences that damage a positive body image.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Dysmorphia in Fitness Center Members: Its Affecting Factors and Impacts

Fitranti

Widyastuti

Noer

et al. 2022

Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional

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Muscle dysmorphia (MD) has several impacts on the decline in social and health functions. This study aimed to determine the correlation between MD with eating behaviors and exercise loading among fitness center members and analyze the factors affecting it. This study used a cross-sectional design with 100 subjects chosen by a consecutive sampling method at three fitness centers in Semarang City. The subjects were all male members of an active fitness center between 17 and 45 years. The data of MD were obtained using the Drive Muscular Scale (DMS), while eating behavior data were obtained using the Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40) and the training load data, including the duration and frequency of weight training data. Social influence data, self-esteem data, and perfectionism data were obtained using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that 61% of the subjects experienced MD, 80% experienced impaired eating behavior, and 80% consumed supplements. There was a correlation between the occurrence of MD with eating behavior with PR = 2.56 and consumption of supplements with PR = 2.56. The most influential factor on MD was a social influence.

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Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function

Cited by 13 publications

References 103 publications

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

Principais biomarcadores de lesão renal em usuários de anabolizantes: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Muscle Dysmorphia in Fitness Center Members: Its Affecting Factors and Impacts

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