Nutritional and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Immunity

Davison, Glen; Kehaya, Corinna; Jones, Arwel W.

doi:10.1177/1559827614557773

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…This may happen as people are accustomed to a healthy lifestyle, exercise, healthy food consumption, positive thinking, and happiness so that they have an good immune system and are not susceptible to infectious diseases. 42,43 A majority of respondents were females amounting to 158 (81.03%). The risk of LTBI in men and women did not differ significantly in this study (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.23-2.72, p=0.708).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Among Healthcare Workers in Semarang, Indonesia</p>

Erawati¹,

Andriany²

2020

JMDH

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence and demographic risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among healthcare workers in Semarang, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 195 healthcare workers from 34 primary health centers was conducted from August to October 2019. The relationship between independent variables and dependent variables was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of LTBI among healthcare workers in this study was 23.6%. Comorbidities were the only risk factor for LTBI identified among other risk factors (OR=3.39, 95% CI: 0.99-11.62, p=0.04). Other demographic factors such as age (OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.45-1.92, p=0.839), gender (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.23-2.72, p=0.708, smoking habits (OR=2.54, 95% CI: 0.52-12.38, p=0.247), and length of work (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 0.70-2.91, p=0.331) were not significant risk factors for LTBI. Conclusion: Healthcare workers suffering from comorbidity have a high risk for tuberculosis infection, and should not work in areas where they would be exposed to patients with tuberculosis. Healthcare workers need to apply occupational safety standards during contact with TB patients or specimens to minimize the disease transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Among Healthcare Workers in Semarang, Indonesia</p>

Erawati¹,

Andriany²

2020

JMDH

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“…Lifestyle factors, such as nutritional patterns, exercise habits and the presence of overweight or obesity, influence immune function in other viral infections and immunization responses (4)(5)(6). Different underlying mechanisms and methods to boost immune function through lifestyle change have been suggested (7,8). Whether lifestyle factors also influence immune function and thereby disease severity in the case of COVID-19 has not yet been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight/obesity as the potentially most important lifestyle factor associated with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19

Sacco

Rauch

Gar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective The occurrence of pneumonia separates severe cases of COVID-19 from the majority of cases with mild disease. However, the factors determining whether or not pneumonia develops remain to be fully uncovered. We therefore explored the associations of several lifestyle factors with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. Methods Between May and July 2020, we conducted an online survey of adults in Germany who had recently gone through COVID-19, predominantly as outpatients (n=201). Of these, 165 had a PCR-based diagnosis and 36 had a retrospective diagnosis by antibody testing. The survey covered demographic information, eight lifestyle factors, comorbidities and medication use. We defined the main outcome as the presence vs. the absence of signs of pneumonia, represented by dyspnea, the requirement for oxygen therapy or intubation. Results Signs of pneumonia occurred in 39 of the 165 individuals with a PCR-based diagnosis of COVID-19 (23.6%). Among the lifestyle factors examined, only overweight/obesity associated with signs of pneumonia (odds ratio 2.68 (1.29 - 5.59) p=0.008). The observed association remained significant after multivariate adjustment, with BMI as a metric variable, and also after including the antibody-positive individuals into the analysis. Conclusions This exploratory study finds an association of overweight/obesity with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. This finding suggests that a signal proportional to body fat mass, such as the hormone leptin, impairs the body's ability to clear SARS-CoV-2 before pneumonia develops. This hypothesis concurs with previous work and should be investigated further to possibly reduce the proportion of severe cases of COVID-19.

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“…The GI microbiota has the ability to interact with human cells, including specific immune cells. These interactions produce different health benefits in the host including regulating GI motility; activating and destroying toxins, genotoxins, and mutagens; transforming bile acid and steroids; producing vitamins; absorbing minerals; metabolizing xenobiotic substances; influencing intestinal permeability and barrier functions; and modulating mucosal and systemic immunity; as well as beneficial effects on the skin and upper respiratory tract 26,27 .…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This new viral infection was first identified in China in December 2019, and it has subsequently spread globally. The lack of a vaccine or curative treatment for COVID-19 necessitates a focus on other strategies to prevent and treat the infection. Probiotics consist of single or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that can beneficially affect the host by maintaining the intestinal or lung microbiota that play a major role in human health. At present, good scientific evidence exists to support the ability of probiotics to boost human immunity, thereby preventing colonization by pathogens and reducing the incidence and severity of infections. Herein, we present clinical studies of the use of probiotic supplementation to prevent or treat respiratory tract infections. These data lead to promising benefits of probiotics in reducing the risk of COVID-19. Further studies should be conducted to assess the ability of probiotics to combat COVID-19.

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Nutritional and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Immunity

Cited by 42 publications

References 172 publications

<p>The Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Among Healthcare Workers in Semarang, Indonesia</p>

<p>The Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Among Healthcare Workers in Semarang, Indonesia</p>

Overweight/obesity as the potentially most important lifestyle factor associated with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19

The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

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