Nutritional and Phyto-Therapeutic Value of the Halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.): A Special Focus on Seeds

Abstract

This work searched for the phyto-therapeutic potential and nutritional value of seeds from the halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.), aiming at its use as a source of bioactive ingredients for the food industry. Hence, the nutritional profile, including minerals, of seeds biomass was determined; food-grade samples were prepared, and their phytochemical fingerprinting assessed. Extracts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant potential, inhibitory capacity towards enzymes related to neuroprotection, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with a toxicological assessment. Sawgrass seeds can be considered a proper nutritional source with a good supply of minerals. All extracts had a high level of total phenolics (65.3–394.4 mg GAE/g DW) and showed a chemically rich and diverse profile of metabolites that have several biological properties described (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory). Extracts had no significant toxicity (cell viabilities >80%) and were overall strong antioxidants (particularly at radical scavenging and reducing iron), effective tyrosinase inhibitors (55–71 mg KAE/g DW), showed anti-inflammatory properties (30–60% NO decrease), and had moderate capacity to inhibit enzymes related to neuroprotection (AChE 3.7–4.2, BChE 4.3–6.0 mg GALE/g DW) and diabetes (α-glucosidase 1.0–1.1, α-amylase 0.8–1.1 mmol ACAE/g). Altogether, results suggest that sawgrass seeds have the potential to be exploited as a new food product and are a reservoir of bioactive molecules with prospective applications as ingredients for value-added, functional, and/or preservative food products.

From Threat to Opportunity: Harnessing the Invasive Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br for Nutritional and Phytotherapeutic Valorization Amid Seasonal and Spatial Variability

“…Nevertheless, the closer association of spring and summer, and of autumn and winter, seemed to be constant, having been depicted throughout the nutritional, chemical, and bioactivity profiles. The higher antioxidant activity noted in spring and summer can probably be attributed to the higher phenolic content that was also perceived in this period, considering that the relationship between antioxidant activity and TPC is frequently reported [ 11 , 27 , 29 , 35 , 52 , 53 , 67 , 82 , 83 ]. Moreover, individual phenolics also had higher levels overall in spring and summer.…”

In vitro and in silico evaluation of toxicological and anti-proliferative activity in phytochemical compounds of several solvent extracts from Zaleya pentandra L

“…According to [32], the molecules γ-sitosterol and 2-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid, 14-methyl acid, have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and neuroprotective qualities. The observed outcomes may be explained by the fact that flavonoid glycosides and their glycoside derivatives were more readily extracted from secondary metabolites like polar carbohydrates and glycosides using polar solvents like acetone, ethanol, and water, were highly soluble in these solvents.…”

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

“…Orchidaceae tubers [194] Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae leaves [195] Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae fruits [196] Andropogon virginicus Poaceae aerial parts [197] Angelica keiskei Umbelliferae leaves, roots [198] Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae peanut shell [154] Areca catechu Palmaceae fruits [195] Arctium minus Asteraceae flower heads, leaves, roots [199] Artemisia verlotiorum Asteraceae whole plant [200] Atractylodis macrocephalae Asteraceae rhizomes [201] Berberis thunbergii Berberidaceae leaves [202] Bergenia pacumbis Saxifragaceae plant and its rhizomes [203] Blepharis linariifolia Acanthaceae aerial parts [204] Bletilla striata Orchidaceae tubers, fibrous roots [205] Breynia retusa Phyllanthaceae leaves [206] Bridelia ferruginea Phyllanthaceae leaves, stem bark [207] Bruguiera gymnorhiza Rhizophoraceae leaves, roots, fruits [158] Cakile maritima Brassicaceae fruits, leaves, stems [208] Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae seeds [169] Carthamus tinctorius Asteraceae seeds [209] Celastrus hindsii Celastracea leaves [210] Cercis glabra Fabaceae leaves [211] Cladium mariscus Cyperaceae seeds [212] Clausena indica Rutaceae roots [213] Combretum micranthum Combretaceae leaves [196] Crotalaria burhia Fabaceae aerial parts, roots [214] Croton hirtus Euphorbiaceae aerial parts [215] Cudrania tricuspidata Moraceae fruits [216] Cytinus hypocistis Cytinaceae aerial parts [217] Dianella ensifolia Liliaceae roots [218] Dodonaea viscosa Sapindaceae stems [219] Elaeagnus angustifolia Elaeagnaceae fruits, leaves [220] Table 4. Cont.…”