Nutritional and Phytochemical Variation of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) (Subspecies caffra and birrea) Fruit among Nine International Provenances Tested in Malawi

Kamanula, Mussa; Munthali, Chimuleke Yagontha; Kamanula, John F.

doi:10.1155/2022/4686368

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This may be explained by the higher intake of ADF or possible presence of anti-nutritional factors from MKC and sunflower seedcake. According to Kamanula et al [ 31 ], MKC has tannins and sunflower seedcake contains chlorogenic acid [ 32 ], both of which can bind enzymes that digest protein. This present study did not evaluate phytochemical properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morula Kernel Cake (Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin

Baleseng

Madibela

Tsopito

et al. 2023

Animals

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A trial evaluated growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic returns of fattened lambs fed on diets containing different protein sources. Six castrated male Tswana lambs per treatment were used in a completely randomised design (CRD) trial and fed on complete diets containing Lucerne (CD; commercial diet), morula kernel cake (MKC), or sunflower seedcake (SC) as protein sources over a 103-day experiment. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the dry matter intake, final body weight, average daily gain, and FCR. This was attributable to all the diets providing an equal supply of nutrients to the lambs. Meat quality attributes and proximate composition values were similar (p > 0.05) across the treatments. Longissimus dorsi muscle organoleptic quality did not differ (p > 0.05) across the treatments. The gross margin analysis was significantly greater (p < 0.05) when feeding SCD than feeding CD and was intermediate for lambs fed MKCD. Morula kernel cake (Sclerocarya birrea) can be used for fattening lambs when common protein sources are either not available or expensive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morula Kernel Cake (Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin

Baleseng

Madibela

Tsopito

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…This tree grows in sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in Limpopo, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, and Mpumalanga in South Africa. This plant is a medium-sized to bulky tree that typically reaches 9 to 18 m in height [ 40 ]. The fruit turns from green to waxy yellow when ripe during January to March.…”

Section: Fruits In Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytochemicals contained in marula are tannins (procyanidin dimer B1 and procyanidin B5), xanthohumol A, phenolic acids, anthocyanin derivatives flavonoid aglycones (catechin and epicatechin), flavonoid glycosides (myricetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and myricetin 3-galactoside) [ 42 ]. Traditionally goiter, diarrhea, hypertension, indigestion, ulcers, dysentery, anemia, proctitis, scurvy, diabetes mellitus, malaria, fever, and fungal infections are treated with decoctions from marula [ 37 , 40 ]. Marula has antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antibacterial properties that are responsible for the curative effects that lead to its use in traditional medicine [ 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Fruits In Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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Africa is home to diverse medicinal plants that have been used for generations for the treatment of several different cancers and, presently, they are gaining interest from researchers as promising approaches to cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of dietary and medicinal African fruits including their traditional uses, botanical description, ethnobotanical uses, bioactive phytochemical compositions, and anticancer properties investigated to date in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical studies. Data on recent updates concerning the traditional uses and anticancer properties of these fruits were collected from a myriad of available publications in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The results suggest that approximately 12 native or commercially grown African fruits belonging to different plant species, including Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum, have been reported for their potential as treatment options for the management of cancer. We further found that approximately eight different fruits from native plant species from Africa, namely, Sclerocarya birrea, Dovyalis caffra, Parinari curatellifolia, Mimusops caffra, Carpobrotus edulis, Vangueria infausta, Harpephyllum caffrum, and Carissa macrocarpa, have been widely used for the traditional treatment of different ailments but somehow failed to gain the interest of researchers for their use in anticancer research. In this review, we show the potential use of various fruits as anticancer agents, such as Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum; unfortunately, not enough reported research data have been published to gain thorough mechanistic insights and clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of the utilization of potential phytochemicals from fruits like Persea americana and Punica granatum in anticancer research, as well as future directions.

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“…Notwithstanding its higher content of vitamin C, marula fruit is also rich in bioactive phenolic compounds such as catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, and proanthocyanidins (Hiwilepo‐van Hal et al, 2014; Mashau et al, 2022). The superior fatty acid and amino acid profile of the marula fruit among other fruits native to Africa has placed it among the essential fruits that can promote health and requires further investigation into the different varieties of the fruit (Kamanula et al, 2022; Mariod & Abdelwahab, 2012). Extracting juice from fruits requires different unit operations such as washing, boiling, steaming, peeling, juicing, sieving, pasteurization, bottling and capping, and storage (Renard & Maingonnat, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of marula fruit (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) steamed and boiled before juice extraction

Dorothy,

Suinyuy,

Lubaale

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Marula fruit is one of the most underutilized fruits in South Africa, and it has been reported to contain a high amount of vitamin C which is regarded as the cheapest antioxidant. The fruit pulp is traditionally extracted and boiled into juice, a process that adversely affects the vitamin C and bioactive phenolic profile of the resulting juice. This study evaluated the effects of boiling and steaming on the physicochemical properties of marula fruit juice. The pH, percentage yield, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging capacity, and vitamin C content of the fruit juice were examined. The study also investigated the total carotene, color, and sensory properties of the fruit juice. The results showed that boiling and steaming significantly decreased the Vit C content of the juice (75.67 and 60.05 mg/100 g) compared to control sample (95.11 mg/100 g). The TPC, radical scavenging capacity, and total carotene content of the fruit juice increase because the heating processes softened the matrix of the fruit increasing the extractability of the phenolics and carotene content of the samples. The color of the marula fruit juice was increased by both boiling and steaming, while the sensory properties of the marula fruit juice extracted from steamed marula fruit had the highest scores in all the measured parameters. Steaming of marula fruit before juice extraction improved the nutritional composition, antioxidant activities, and sensory properties of marula fruit juice.

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Nutritional and Phytochemical Variation of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) (Subspecies caffra and birrea) Fruit among Nine International Provenances Tested in Malawi

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Morula Kernel Cake (Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin

Morula Kernel Cake (Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin

Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review

Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of marula fruit (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) steamed and boiled before juice extraction

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