Nutritional aspects of manganese homeostasis

Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral. It is present in virtually all diets at low concentrations. The principal route of intake for Mn is via food consumption, but in occupational cohorts, inhalation exposure may also occur (this subject will not be dealt with in this review). Humans maintain stable tissue levels of Mn. This is achieved via tight homeostatic control of both absorption and excretion. Nevertheless, it is well established that exposure to high oral, parenteral or ambient air concentrations of Mn can result in elevations in tissue Mn levels. Excessive Mn accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is an established clinical entity, referred to as manganism. It resembles idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) in its clinical features, resulting in adverse neurological effects both in laboratory animals and humans. This review focuses on an area that to date has received little consideration, namely the potential exposure of parenterally fed neonates to exceedingly high Mn concentrations in parenteral nutrition solutions, potentially increasing their risk for Mn-induced adverse health sequelae. The review will consider (1) the essentiality of Mn; (2) the concentration ranges, means and variation of Mn in various foods and infant formulas; (3) the absorption, distribution, and elimination of Mn after oral exposure and (4) the factors that raise a theoretical concern that neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are exposed to excessive dietary Mn.

Investigating relationships between biomarkers of exposure and environmental copper and manganese levels in house dusts from a Portuguese industrial city

“…However, there is increasing evidence that health effects of toxic metals differ in prevalence or are manifested differently in men and women (Vahter et al 2007;Lee & Kim 2014), which is in the line of the results obtained in this study. Moreover, gender differences in the absorption of Mn are well documented, with men absorbing significantly less Mn compared to women depending on their Fe status (Finley et al 1994;Aschner & Aschner 2005), which is also in good agreement with the results presented here.…”

“…Although balance studies and excretion data indicate that low gastrointestinal absorption and rapid elimination of Mn limits its toxicity following the ingestion of high doses, it is well established that exposure to environmental Mn can result in elevated tissue Mn levels (Aschner & Aschner 2005;Santamaria 2008). Likewise, recent studies report elevated Cu levels determined in human biomarkers collected from people exposed to environmental Cu (Ndilila et al 2014).…”

“…Likewise, recent studies report elevated Cu levels determined in human biomarkers collected from people exposed to environmental Cu (Ndilila et al 2014). Manganese-induced neurotoxicity from excess respiratory or dietary exposures is well documented (Aschner & Aschner 2005). For Cu, acute symptoms of exposure to Cu include excessive salivation, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (Araya et al 2001).…”

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

“…The reason that As was highest in spring and summer and Sb was highest in summer and fall is unknown, but may in part reflect increase in water intake during warm weather. The observed correlation between Se and Mn may reflect homeostatic processes related to these trace essential elements (Burk and Levander, 1999;Aschner and Aschner, 2005;Roth, 2006), and may not be related to exogenous exposure per se.…”

Selenium and manganese in depression – preclinical and clinical studies

“…It has been reported that the daily dietary intake of manganese by women below 1 mg causes altered mood in women during the premenstrual phase of their estrous cycle [37]. Manganese is neurotoxic at higher exposures, but it has been estimated that only 1-5% of ingested this biometal is absorbed in adults [2]. Manganese is considered an essential and critical nutrient, and its deficiency or overabundance may cause depressive disorders.…”