Nutritional assessment and skeletal muscle function

Shizgal, Harry M.; Vasilevsky, Carol‐Ann; Gardiner, Phillip F.; Wang, W W; Tuitt, Deborah; Brabant, G.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/44.6.761

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One author proposes that muscle performance may actually be affected earlier in the development of undernutrition than body composition (Jeejeebhoy, 1994). However, not all studies show a relation between nutritional status and muscle function (Benefice et al, 1999;Shizgal et al, 1986). Much work is needed on this area before such measures can be used in the field.…”

Section: Use Of Other Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in adolescent populations in humanitarian emergencies

Woodruff

Duffield²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To outline the difficulties and suggest potential solutions in anthropometric assessment of adolescents during humanitarian emergencies. Design: Literature review. Setting: Multiple settings in which the nutritional status of adolescents has been assessed using anthropometric measurements. Subjects: Adolescents in multiple populations. Interventions: None. Results: The use of anthropometry may be more difficult in adolescents than in other age groups because anthropometric indices in normally nourished adolescents change with age and sexual development. Moreover, survey and reference populations may differ in the age at which certain pubertal landmarks are attained, requiring adjustment for differences between survey and reference populations. Adolescent populations may also differ by ethnicity in various body proportions that affect anthropometric indices. Adjustment may be required when the body proportions of adolescents in the reference population differ from those in the population assessed. Conclusions: Although no definitive recommendation can be made regarding which anthropometric indices are the most appropriate for adolescents, some revisions may improve current practices. Weight-for-height could be used for prepubertal adolescents and body mass index could be used for postpubertal adolescents. Because cut-off points are age-specific, age should be collected as accurately as possible for all adolescents measured during screening or survey activities. The WHO-recommended reference population of US adolescents is inappropriate in most populations of adolescents. Adolescents should never undergo nutritional assessment in isolation; other population subgroups should be included, and other health, nutrition and food data should be collected at the same time.

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Section: Use Of Other Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in adolescent populations in humanitarian emergencies

Woodruff

Duffield²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…This suggests other physiologic factors are involved. The observations that muscle dysfunction begins within 24 h of fasting in humans [33] prior to a significant loss of nitrogen (and, therefore, muscle size), and that muscle function is normalized sooner than expected with refeeding [33][34][35][36][37] further supports the presence of other factors.…”

Section: Alteration In Muscle Size and Functionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Type I and IIa fibers, which are better preserved in PCM, are fatigue resistant. An increase in fatiguability, however, is reported in 75% of the reviewed studies which maintained a blood supply to the muscle (the remaining studies report no change) [24,[29][30][31][34][35][36][37]. This suggests other physiologic factors are involved.…”

Section: Alteration In Muscle Size and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can protein-calorie malnutrition cause dysphagia?

Veldee

Peth

1992

Dysphagia

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Nutrient deprivation has previously been shown to cause alterations in muscle and nerve function. Although an effect has never been studied in the neuromusculature of deglutition, the authors argue that an effect is likely. The proposed result is an increase in swallowing impairment in dysphagic individuals and associated risk of aspiration. Research studying the relationship between malnutrition and dysphagia is needed to verify clinical significance. Until controlled studies are completed, the authors suggest alternative alimentation in repleting severely malnourished dysphagic patients prior to attempting oral diet. A review of nutritional status indices is included to aid in identifying dysphagic patients at nutritional risk. Early identification of nutritional compromise and intervention can prevent malnutrition and its deleterious effects.

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“…Impaired muscle function appears 24 h after starvation of well-nourished subjects but muscle function returns to normal 6 h after the intake of a meal (Shizgal et al 1986). Thus, nutritional supplementation appears to be sufficient to reverse muscle alterations in well-nourished subjects.…”

Section: Effect Of Nutritional Support On Muscle Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological functions should be considered as true end points of nutritional intervention studies

et al. 2005

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With the beginning of this millennium it has become fashionable to only follow 'evidencebased' practices. This generally-accepted approach cruelly negates experience or intelligent interpretation of pathophysiology. Another problem is that the great 'meta-analysts' of the present era only accept end points that they consider 'hard'. In the metabolic and nutritional field these end points are infection-related morbidity and mortality, and all other end points are considered 'surrogate'. The aim of this presentation is to prove that this claim greatly negates the contribution of more-fundamentally-oriented research, the fact that mortality has multifactorial causes, and that infection is a crude measure of immune function. The following problems should be considered: many populations undergoing intervention have low mortality, requiring studies with thousands of patients to demonstrate effects of intervention on mortality; nutrition is only in rare cases primary treatment, and in many populations is a prerequisite for survival rather than a therapeutic modality; once the effect of nutritional support is achieved, the extra benefit of modulation of the nutritional support regimen can only be modest; cost-benefit is not a valid end point, because the better it is done the more it will cost; morbidity and mortality are crude end points for the effect of nutritional intervention, and are influenced by many factors. In fact, it is a yes or no factor. In the literature the most important contributions include new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, the diminution of diseaserelated adverse events and/or functional improvement after therapy. In nutrition research the negligence of these end points has precluded the development and validation of functional end points, such as muscle, immune and cognitive functions. Disability, quality of life, morbidity and mortality are directly related to these functional variables. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to validate functional end points and to consider them as primary rather than surrogate end points.

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Nutritional assessment and skeletal muscle function

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in adolescent populations in humanitarian emergencies

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in adolescent populations in humanitarian emergencies

Can protein-calorie malnutrition cause dysphagia?

Physiological functions should be considered as true end points of nutritional intervention studies

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