Nutritional assessment of genetically modified rapeseed synthesizing high amounts of mid-chain fatty acids including production responses of growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

The nutritive value of genetically modified myristic acid-rich rapeseed, in which a acyl-thioesterase gene inserted, was studied. Crude nutrients, amino acid and fatty acid profiles as well as mineral and glucosinolate contents were determined and compared with those of the non-transgenic parental cultivar. The concentration of crude nutrients, minerals and amino acids were found to be within the range of natural variance. The myristic and palmitic acid content increased from 0.1 - 11.4% and from 3.6-20%, respectively, at the expense of oleic acid, which decreased from 68.6-42.6% of total fatty acids. The glucosinolate contents increased from 12.4 micromol/g in the parental plant to 19 micromol/g DM in the GM-plant. Full-fat rapeseed of both cultivars was incorporated in pig diets at a level of 15%, and the digestibility and the production efficiency were tested under ad libitum feeding conditions with ten pigs each over the growing finishing period from 32-105 kg BW. The experimental diets did not show significant differences in digestibility and energetic feeding value. However, feed intake and weight gain decreased presumably due to the increasing glucosinolate intake associated with the feeding of transgenic rapeseed. The dietary fatty acids profile influenced the fatty acid profile of body fat. Myristic acid accumulated in back fat and intramuscular fat while the oleic acid content decreased. The increased glucosinolate intake affected the weight of thyroid glands and their iodine concentration.

A long term trial with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed genetically modified soy; focusing general health and performance before, during and after the parr–smolt transformation

“…This may cause altered levels of undesirable substances, e.g. ANFs, and reduced growth in experimental animals (Böhme et al, 2005;Böhme et al, 2007).…”

Do Brassica Vegetables Affect Thyroid Function?—A Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…The detailed information about the possible influence of rapeseed products, mostly seeds, is presented in Table S3, due to the large number of studies about these seeds and the relatively low significant impact of these products available in the modern human diet on thyroid function. In this comprehensive description, the results of the study on rapeseeds' impact on thyroid function in rats [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93], dogs [94], cows [95][96][97], pigs and boars [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114], lambs [80,115], and goats [116] were described. Only one study that focused on the iodized rapeseed oil's impact on thyroid function in humans was found [27].…”

Glucosinolates as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

“…At the same time, the glucosinolate content increased from approximately 12 to 19 mmol/kg in the genetically modified plant. This increase was accompanied by a lower tolerance (changes in thyroid iodine metabolism) of pigs, which were given feed containing 15 % of the genetically modified rapeseed (Böhme et al, 2007).…”