Nutritional associations with bone loss during the menopausal transition: evidence of a beneficial effect of calcium, alcohol, and fruit and vegetable nutrients and of a detrimental effect of fatty acids

Macdonald, Helen; Lanham-New, Susan A; Golden, Michael; Campbell, Marion K; Reid, David M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.1.155

Cited by 311 publications

(316 citation statements)

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“…(3,(5)(6)(7) Antioxidants specifically found in fruit and vegetables such as carotenoids may have a protective role, (43) but many of these effects have not been studied extensively, and more research is required in this area. Flavonoids also are found in alcoholic drinks, (44) moderate intakes of which have been associated with better bone health in some studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids also are found in alcoholic drinks, (44) moderate intakes of which have been associated with better bone health in some studies. (5,45) A universal source of flavonoids is tea, which is a rich combination of catechins and procyanidins. These were associated with annual percentage changes in BMD at both sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3,5) The FFQ quantifies intakes of 98 foods in the present and past (up to 12 years and 20 to 30 years of age) and has been validated using biochemical markers of antioxidant status and 7-day weighed records. (20,21) Dietary flavonoid intakes of the foods were calculated using a nutrient database that was validated for use with an earlier version of the FFQ.…”

Section: Assessment Of Diet and Flavonoid Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Poor nutrition is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and in the last decade, a number of population-based studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of fruit and vegetables on indices of bone health. (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) There could be several mechanisms by which fruit and vegetables act on bone, either via some pharmacologically active compound found within them or by the base buffering of excess dietary metabolic acids. A recent 2-year randomized, controlled trial found that supplementation with potassium citrate or three additional portions of fruit and vegetables a day did not reduce bone turnover or increase BMD, suggesting that any long-term benefits of fruit and vegetable intake on bone are not due to the provision of alkaline salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between dietary flavonoid intakes and bone health in a scottish population

Hardcastle

Aucott

Reid

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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104

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Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenols found particularly in fruit and vegetables, but little is known about their role in bone health in humans. The aim of this observational study was to investigate whether dietary flavonoid intake was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption in a large group of perimenopausal Scottish women. Over 3000 women completed a food frequency questionnaire as part of an osteoporosis screening study. The diets were analyzed for flavonoid intake using a food composition database. BMD was measured at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Free pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in second early morning fasted urine samples. The mean flavonoid intake of the diet was 307 AE199 mg/d. The catechin family contributed the most to flavonoid intakes (55%), and the flavones the least (<1%). Associations were found between energy-adjusted total flavonoid intakes and BMD at the FN and LS (FN r ¼ 0.054, LS r ¼ 0.036, p .05). Annual percent change in BMD was associated with intakes of procyanidins and catechins ( p .05), and flavanones were negatively associated with bone-resorption markers (PYD r ¼ À0.049, DPD r ¼ -0.057, p .001). These associations were still seen after adjusting for confounders. It is concluded that dietary flavonoid intakes are associated with BMD, supporting the evidence from animal and cellular studies. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Diet and Flavonoid Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between dietary flavonoid intakes and bone health in a scottish population

Hardcastle

Aucott

Reid

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Self Cite

104

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“…Some observational studies report that fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with increased bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Nitrates, present in high concentrations in leafy green and root vegetables, may serve as a dietary component that supports bone health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing dietary nitrate has no effect on cancellous bone loss or fecal microbiome in ovariectomized rats

Conley

Roberts

Sharpton

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeStudies suggest diets rich in fruit and vegetables reduce bone loss, although the specific compounds responsible are unknown. Substrates for endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, including organic nitrates and dietary nitrate, may support NO production in age‐related conditions, including osteoporosis. We investigated the capability of dietary nitrate to improve NO bioavailability, reduce bone turnover and loss.Methods and resultsSix‐month‐old Sprague Dawley rats [30 ovariectomized (OVX) and 10 sham‐operated (sham)] were randomized into three groups: (i) vehicle (water) control, (ii) low‐dose nitrate (LDN, 0.1 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day), or (iii) high‐dose nitrate (HDN, 1.0 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day) for three weeks. The sham received vehicle. Serum bone turnover markers; bone mass, mineral density, and quality; histomorphometric parameters; and fecal microbiome were examined. Three weeks of LDN or HDN improved NO bioavailability in a dose‐dependent manner. OVX resulted in cancellous bone loss, increased bone turnover, and fecal microbiome changes. OVX increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroideceae and Alcaligenaceae. Nitrate did not affect the skeleton or fecal microbiome.ConclusionThese data indicate that OVX affects the fecal microbiome and that the gut microbiome is associated with bone mass. Three weeks of nitrate supplementation does not slow bone loss or alter the fecal microbiome in OVX.

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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Bone Fracture: A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE)‐Assessed Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta‐Analysis

Zeraattalab‐Motlagh,

Ghoreishy,

Arab

et al. 2023

JBMR Plus

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Researchers have examined the link between consuming fruit and vegetables and the incidence of fractures for many years. Nevertheless, their findings have been unclear. Furthermore, the dose‐dependent relationship has not been examined, and the level of certainty in the evidence was not evaluated. We carried out a dose‐dependent meta‐analysis examining the relation between fruit and vegetables intake and fracture incidence. PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus were searched until April 2023 for cohort studies evaluating the relation between fruit and vegetables and fracture incidence. Summary relative risks (RRs) were computed from complied data by applying random effects analysis. To examine the level of evidence, we utilized the approach called the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). Ten cohort studies comprising 511,716 individuals were entered. There was a nonsignificant relation between fruit and vegetables, as well as only fruit intake and any fracture risk. In contrast, high versus low analysis presented that vegetables consumption was linked to a 16% decrease in any type of fracture incidence (RR 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.95; I2 = 83.1%; n = 6). Also, per one serving/day (200 g/day) increments in vegetables consumption, there was a 14% decline in the fracture risk (RR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; I2 = 84.7%; n = 5; GRADE = moderate). With moderate certainty, a greater consumption of only vegetables, but not total fruit and vegetables or only fruit, might reduce the risk of fracture. These associations were also evident in dose–response analysis. Large intervention trials are demanded to approve our findings. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Nutritional associations with bone loss during the menopausal transition: evidence of a beneficial effect of calcium, alcohol, and fruit and vegetable nutrients and of a detrimental effect of fatty acids

Abstract: Although menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy use dominate women's bone health, diet may influence early postmenopausal bone loss. Fruit and vegetable intake may protect against premenopausal bone loss.

Cited by 311 publications

References 53 publications

Associations between dietary flavonoid intakes and bone health in a scottish population

Associations between dietary flavonoid intakes and bone health in a scottish population

Increasing dietary nitrate has no effect on cancellous bone loss or fecal microbiome in ovariectomized rats

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Bone Fracture: A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE)‐Assessed Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta‐Analysis

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