Nutritional benefit from leaf litter utilization in the pitcher plant <i>Nepenthes ampullaria</i>

Pavlovič, Andrej; Slováková, Ľudmila; Šantrůček, Jiří

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02382.x

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Activities of β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase were only detected from pitcher fluids of NMG, however, only in very few samples (10-20 %). Further investigation is warranted to correlate these enzyme activities involved in degradation of plant biopolymers to the proposed evolution of the capability of some pitcher plant species to take lignocellulosic materials as the substrates, especially in NAM [42,43] where a quite unique bacterial community was found compared to those in other Nepenthes species according to the results in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

et al. 2016

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Pitchers are specialized digestive organs of carnivorous plants which evolved for trapping prey and represent a unique environment harboring hidden diversity of unexplored microbes forming transient hydrolytic microcosms. In this study, the diversity of bacterial communities in the pitcher fluids of seven local Nepenthes found in Thailand was assessed by tagged 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing on an Ion PGM™ platform. A total of 1,101,000 filtered sequences were obtained which were taxonomically classified into 20 phyla, 48 classes, 72 orders, 153 families, and 442 genera while the remainder (1.43 %) could not be assigned to any existing taxa. Proteobacteria represented the predominant members in closed pitchers and more diversified bacterial taxa particularly Bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria, showed increasing abundance in open pitchers containing insect bodies. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that distribution of bacterial taxa was not significantly related to the Nepenthes species but strongly correlated to the pH of the pitcher fluids (pH 1.7-6.7). Acidicella was a highly dominant bacterial genus in acidic pitcher fluids while Dyella and Mycobacterium were also common genera in most pitchers. A unique microbial community structure was found in Nepenthes ampullaria which could reflect their adaptation to digest leaf litter, in addition to insect prey. The work revealed the highly unexplored nature of bacterial microcosms in Nepenthes pitcher fluids and provides insights into their community structure in this unique ecological system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

et al. 2016

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“…The digestive fluid is also costly in term of carbon and nitrogen. On the other hand, the benefit in the form of increased uptake of N and P from prey can later stimulate photosynthesis, as has been documented in many carnivorous genera [28], [67], [68], [69], [70]. Thus, the Venus flytrap has evolved several control mechanisms how to optimize benefit from carnivory by reducing its associated costs, if there is nothing too much eat (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Cysteine Endopeptidase Dionain in Digestive Fluid of Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) Is Regulated by Different Stimuli from Prey through Jasmonates

et al. 2014

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The trap of the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) catches prey by very rapid closure of its modified leaves. After the rapid closure secures the prey, repeated mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs by struggling prey and the generation of action potentials (APs) result in secretion of digestive fluid. Once the prey's movement stops, the secretion is maintained by chemical stimuli released from digested prey. We investigated the effect of mechanical and chemical stimulation (NH4Cl, KH2PO4, further N(Cl) and P(K) stimulation) on enzyme activities in digestive fluid. Activities of β-D-glucosidases and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases were not detected. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in N(Cl) stimulated traps while proteolytic activity was higher in both chemically induced traps in comparison to mechanical stimulation. This is in accordance with higher abundance of recently described enzyme cysteine endopeptidase dionain in digestive fluid of chemically induced traps. Mechanical stimulation induced high levels of cis-12-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA) but jasmonic acid (JA) and its isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) accumulated to higher level after chemical stimulation. The concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) did not change significantly. The external application of JA bypassed the mechanical and chemical stimulation and induced a high abundance of dionain and proteolytic activity in digestive fluid. These results document the role of jasmonates in regulation of proteolytic activity in response to different stimuli from captured prey. The double trigger mechanism in protein digestion is proposed.

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“…Grey areas indicate slippery zones. SZ slippery zone, P peristome which is partially herbivorous and benefits from leaf litter utilisation although still partially depends on animal preyderived nutrients (Pavlovič et al 2011).…”

Section: Micromorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa

Benz

Gorb

2011

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Using a cryo-scanning electron microscope, we studied microstructure of the slippery zone in nine Nepenthes taxa. For N. fusca, N. macrophylla, N. mirabilis, N. ventricosa, N. dicksoniana, and N. veitchii, it was examined here for the first time. Three types of the slippery zone were distinguished among the studied taxa: (1) with well-developed crystalline wax coverage, (2) with greatly reduced wax coverage, and (3) without wax crystals. These data were combined with morphometrical measurements of the two pitcher zones primarily relevant to prey catching and retaining: the slippery zone and the peristome. In species with fully developed wax coverage, the slippery zone was longer and the peristome was narrower compared to those with reduced or lacking crystalline wax. We found statistically significant negative correlation between the relative length of the slippery zone and the relative width of the peristome. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the microstructure of the slippery zone and pitcher macromorphology, two main types of pitchers in Nepenthes are proposed: (a) traps based predominantly on the waxy slippery zone and (b) peristome-based traps.

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Nutritional benefit from leaf litter utilization in the pitcher plant Nepenthes ampullaria

Cited by 46 publications

References 65 publications

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

Abundance of Cysteine Endopeptidase Dionain in Digestive Fluid of Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) Is Regulated by Different Stimuli from Prey through Jasmonates

Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa

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