Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food

Abstract

Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast foodhttp://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6791/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Consumption of takeaway and fast food is growing in popularity among Western 12 societies, and is particularly widespread among adolescents. As it is well known that food 13 plays an important role in the development and prevention of many diseases there is no doubt 14 that observed changes in dietary patterns affect the quality of the diet as well as public health. 15This review examines the nutritional characteristics of takeaway and fast food including 16 energy density, total fat, saturated and trans fatty acid content. It also reports the association 17 between the consumption of such foods and health outcomes. Findings on the effect of 18 takeaway and fast food consumption on health complications are limited. Therefore, more 19 studies should be directed at better understanding of the nutrition and health consequences of 20 eating takeaway and fast food and to find the best strategy to reduce the negative impact of 21 their consumption on public health. 22

Is the number of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related to screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors?

“…The energy density, defined as the energy content per unit weight of foods, meals or diets (26) , of fast food may also be important, since individuals consume a relatively constant weight of food and therefore consumption of foods with high energy density may lead to a passive increase in energy intake (25) . Experiments have also shown that energy-dense diets challenge the innate ability to maintain energy homeostasis (26) .…”

Influences of nutrition information on fast food consumption among undergraduates

“…One of the most prominent trends is the increase in outside food consumption (Jaworowska et al, 2013). In many countries, restaurants especially fast food outlets have been criticized by nutritionists, health crusaders and the media over its offering of high-fat foods (Totten et al, 2009), and its impact on obesity.…”

Saturated and trans-fatty acids in UK takeaway food

“…Recent meta-analyses provide convincing evidence that replacing SFA with PUFA reduced CVD risk and coronary heart disease (CHD) events (Flock et al, 2014;Mozaffarian et al, 2010). SFA intake has recently shown a reduction in the UK population (Pot et al, 2012) but dietary recommendations have still not been met and food eaten out of the home has increased (Jaworowska et al, 2013). From the present study both the English and pizza meal categories had the highest amount of SFA with a median average of 35.7 g/portion each (Table 2).…”

“…Worldwide consumer patterns over the last 10 years have led to lifestyle changes around food intake with a higher reliance on food eaten out of the home, including takeaway food (Guthrie et al, 2002;Jaworowska et al, 2013;Naska et al, 2011;Naska et al, 2015;Orfanos et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2009;Food Standards Agency (FSA), 2007). While there are no formal definitions of takeaway food we describe takeaway food as hot meals, prepared in situ, either taken away or consumed on site from nonchain, independent establishments.…”