Nutritional characterization of apple as a function of genotype

Abstract

Twenty two apple cultivars grown in Himachal Pradesh, India were harvested at commercial maturity and analysed for different physical (fruit weight, fruit dimensions, firmness, color) and nutritional attributes (ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total carotenoid, sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and minerals). Cultivar 'Oregon Spur II' was found to have maximum fruit size and weight while the least was observed for cultivar 'Starkrimson'. Quantitative differences were found in the nutritional profile among the cultivars with respect to all the above attributes. The ascorbic acid content ranged between 19.38 mg 100 g ('Well Spur') and 32.08 mg 100 g ('Starkrimson') while the antioxidant activity varied between 2.64 μmol Trolox equivalent g ('Granny Smith') and 13.20 μmol Trolox equivalent g ('Silver Spur'). The highest total carotenoid was found in 'Red Chief' (147.06 mg kg) while in 'Early Red-I' the total carotenoid was only 29.03 mg kg. HPLC analysis for individual sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds was carried out. Fructose (average 50.79 g L) was the most abundant sugar. Malic acid (average 6.03 mg L) predominated among the individual organic acids. Potassium (average 795.14 mg 100 g) and iron (average 2.04 µg g) were the predominant macro and micro elements, respectively. Chlorogenic acid was the major constituent among phenolic compounds.

L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol content in apple pulp: a comparison between 24 cultivars and annual variations during three harvest seasons

“…[1,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] There are several reports about the content of antioxidant compound including AsA in different apple cultivars. [26][27][28][29][30][31] but studies that focus on well-characterized genotypes while holding the other parameters constant are rare. [2] Traditionally, apple cultivars are characterized using morphological and agronomic traits, which are prone to misinterpretation.…”

Fresh and dry fruit production in Himalayan Kashmir, Sub-Himalayan Jammu and Trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India

“…Apple fruits are rich in sugars, minerals, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, and phenolics ( Bondonno et al., 2017 ), and have resistance to various diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract, gallstone, and cancer ( USDA, 2020 ). Among 22 cultivars of apple as studied by Kumar et al. (2018) , the maximum Vitamin C content was recorded in red cultivars, "Starkrimson" and "Oregon Spur II" and the highest content of sucrose recorded in non-red cultivar "Granny Smith" and lowest in red cultivar "Royal Delicious".…”

Sweet potato–apple snack functionalized with agavins for children’s consumption

“…Snacks with a higher apple concentration, were perceived with a higher sweetness by panelists. Apple is mainly composed of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds (Kumar et al., 2018), which impart flavor, bitterness, and astringency, and so the sweetness of the snacks may be conferred by the carbohydrates present in this fruit.…”