Nutritional Composition and Heavy Metal Profile of Nigerian Rice Varieties

Abstract

This study was carried to assess the nutritional composition and heavy metal profile of Nigerian rice varieties. A total of one hundred samples consisting of twenty five samples each of four varieties of white unpolished Nigerian local rice Oryzaglaberrima (Ofada rice, Abakaliki rice, Ekpoma rice and Igbimo rice) were purchased from Ofada in Ogun State, Nigeria. Flour samples produced from the rice varieties were evaluated for nutritional (proximate, amino acids and vitamins profile analyses) qualities and heavy metal profile. Results showed (P≤0.05) that the protein contents in % ranged from 6.72±0.05 – 6.93±0.06% while the concentration (μg/g) of Ar, Pb and Cd ranged from1.30±0.05 to 1.45±0.05, 0.89±0.02 to 0.98±0.04 and 1.12±0.01 to 1.30±0.03, respectively.The protein contents were relatively high, although, all the four Nigerian rice varieties were deficient in lysine; arginine and methionine while the non-essential amino acids glycine and glutamic acid, although lysine and methionine were detected in very low quantities.The quantity of heavy metals obtained in the four Nigerian rice varieties flour samples were generally below the maximum acceptable limits and therefore constitute health risk to the consumers.

Cooking, Digestion, and In Vitro Colonic Fermentation of Nigerian Wholegrains Affect Phenolic Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition

“…The TDF content of grains in this study was found to be as follows: red and white sorghum > white corn > red and white millet > ofada rice > red and white fonio. Our results are generally consistent with the available literature, which reports values of 3.3–8% in hulled fonio, 3.7–15% in pearl millet, 8.6–21.0% in sorghum, 1.4–3.5% in ofada rice, 11.1–15.34% and 2.1–10.1% in corn [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]…”

“…The TDF content of grains in this study was found to be as follows: red and white sorghum > white corn > red and white millet > ofada rice > red and white fonio. Our results are generally consistent with the available literature, which reports values of 3.3-8% in hulled fonio, 3.7-15% in pearl millet, 8.6-21.0% in sorghum, 1.4-3.5% in ofada rice, 11.1-15.34% and 2.1-10.1% in corn [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][20][21][22] The total PA content of the grains selected for analysis in this study ranged from 276.64 to 2202.5 ng/mg, as the total PA amount in wholegrains can differ subject to the grain type, the environment and farming methods, as well as the different types of processing applied, the PAs selected for characterisation, as well as the extraction procedures and analytical methods applied. One study showed that total PAs differed significantly based on the type of corn [23] and rice cultivars [24].…”

“…Grains like fonio, sorghum, millet and corn are gluten-free and can be used as alternative grains in foods for different dietary needs. The nutritional value of the above grains is within the range of other grains such as wheat, oats and barley, with carbohydrate content that can vary from 63 to 86 g/100 g, proteins ranging from 6 to 12 g/100 g, and fats levels ranging from 0.5 to 5 g/100 g [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Fonio, millet, corn and sorghum are consumed widely in Nigeria and are cultivated in the Northern regions of the country.…”

Harvest Age Impact on the Antioxidant and Mineral Content of Kurdish Rice in the Harir Sub-District Kurdistan Region of Iraq

“…The carbohydrate content of the rice variety in Harir sub-district is low ranging from 25.8 at 3 months to 48.5 at 5 months. This is not in agreement with the work of Adeyeye et al [34] who reported high content of carbohydrates in the studied rice varieties. Vitamin P or rutoside are other names for rutin.…”

“…Vitamin P or rutoside are other names for rutin. Its structure includes the disaccharide rutinose and the flavonolic aglycone quercetin glycoside [34]. According to Ganeshpurkar and Saluja [35], rutin exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-oxidant, cytoprotective, vaso-protective, anti-carcinogen, neuroprotective, cardio-protective, and anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [36].…”